在可穿戴设备上实时适配新用户脑电信号,提升运动想象识别准确率。
On-device Learning of EEGNet-based Network For Wearable Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface
- 基于EEGNet的轻量级本地学习引擎,支持设备端自适应
- 较基线最高提升7.31%准确率,内存仅15.6KB
- 适合电池供电的边缘脑机接口系统,尤其应对用户差异
基于脑电图(EEG)的脑机接口(BCI)在康复和机器人等领域受到广泛关注。尽管神经网络在解码脑电信号方面取得进展,但因特征分布漂移,跨用户性能维持仍具挑战。本文提出一种轻量高效的设备端学习引擎,应用于成熟的EEGNet架构,实现对未注册用户的实时精准适配。利用Greenwaves公司新推出的低功耗并行RISC-V处理器GAP9与Physionet EEG Motor Imagery数据集,实验显示相比基线最高提升7.31%准确率,内存占用仅15.6KB。通过优化输入流,实现无损推理精度下的更优实时性能:单次推理耗时14.9毫秒,能耗0.76毫焦;单次在线更新耗时20微秒,能耗0.83微焦。结果表明该方法适用于边缘脑电设备及其他受用户依赖特征漂移影响的低功耗可穿戴AI系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have garnered significant interest across various domains, including rehabilitation and robotics. Despite advancements in neural network-based EEG decoding, maintaining performance across diverse user populations remains challenging due to feature distribution drift. This paper presents an effective approach to address this challenge by implementing a lightweight and efficient on-device learning engine for wearable motor imagery recognition. The proposed approach, applied to the well-established EEGNet architecture, enables real-time and accurate adaptation to EEG signals from unregistered users. Leveraging the newly released low-power parallel RISC-V-based processor, GAP9 from Greeenwaves, and the Physionet EEG Motor Imagery dataset, we demonstrate a remarkable accuracy gain of up to 7.31\% with respect to the baseline with a memory footprint of 15.6 KByte. Furthermore, by optimizing the input stream, we achieve enhanced real-time performance without compromising inference accuracy. Our tailored approach exhibits inference time of 14.9 ms and 0.76 mJ per single inference and 20 us and 0.83 uJ per single update during online training. These findings highlight the feasibility of our method for edge EEG devices as well as other battery-powered wearable AI systems suffering from subject-dependant feature distribution drift.
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