arXiv:2409.00096cs.CLcs.AI2024-09被引 3

用随机文本前半段做指令,模型也能学会听懂指令。

Non-instructional Fine-tuning: Enabling Instruction-Following Capabilities in Pre-trained Language Models without Instruction-Following Data

  • 用OpenWebText前半段作指令,GPT生成后半段作回答。
  • 多个大模型经此训练后具备强指令跟随能力。
  • 无需人工标注指令数据,适合低成本训练场景。

指令微调对当前大语言模型学习遵循指令和符合人类偏好至关重要。传统方法依赖包含指令与正确响应的监督数据,部分研究通过GPT-4等强模型生成此类数据。本文提出新方法:以OpenWebText中随机文本的前半段作为指令,使用GPT-3.5-turbo或GPT-4-turbo完成剩余内容作为响应。尽管数据无明确指令属性,但经此训练的预训练模型能获得指令跟随能力。该现象在多个知名模型(如LLaMA-2-7B、LLaMA-3-8B、LLaMA-3-70B、Mistral-7B-v0.1)上得到验证。非指令数据还提升了已进行监督微调和人类偏好对齐模型的表现。使用非指令数据训练的LLaMA-3-70B-Instruct在Arena Hard排行榜上媲美LLaMA-3.1-70B-Instruct。我们分析了数据,确认其不含指令微调相关的内容。研究结果将激发对无需显式指令数据发展指令跟随能力的进一步探索。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Instruction fine-tuning is crucial for today's large language models (LLMs) to learn to follow instructions and align with human preferences. Conventionally, supervised data, including the instruction and the correct response, is required for instruction fine-tuning. To obtain such data, some researchers prompted well-trained models like GPT-4 to generate instructions and correct responses. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that uses the first half of a random text from OpenWebText as the instruction and GPT-3.5-turbo or GPT-4-turbo to complete the text as the response. Despite the data being "non-instructional", we found that pre-trained LLMs fine-tuned on this data can gain instruction-following capabilities. This observation is verified by fine-tuning several well-known pre-trained LLMs (e.g., LLaMA-2-7B, LLaMA-3-8B, LLaMA-3-70B, Mistral-7B-v0.1). The "non-instructional data" also improved some models that underwent supervised fine-tuning and human preference alignment. Our LLaMA-3-70B-Instruct fine-tuned through "non-instructional data" is comparable with LLaMA-3.1-70B-Instruct on the Arena Hard leaderboard. We analyzed the "non-instructional data" and ensured it is devoid of content related to instruction fine-tuning. Our findings will inspire further investigation into how to develop instruction-following capabilities without explicit instruction-related data.

指令微调零样本大模型

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