通过合并相似行为的智能体,显著降低仿真计算量。
Accelerating Hybrid Agent-Based Models and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: How to Combine Agents who Think Alike?
- 将智能体行为建模为模糊认知图,按规则网络相似性分组
- 合并同类智能体后,计算时间大幅下降,精度损失小
- 适合需要快速迭代的大规模社会仿真研究者
基于智能体的模型虽能刻画个体差异与局部情境,但计算成本高。传统优化方法如减小种群规模或减少模拟次数会限制分析深度。本文提出一种近似方法:将行为相似的智能体合并,通过模糊认知图(Fuzzy Cognitive Maps)表示其决策规则,并利用社区检测算法对规则网络进行距离度量分组,再以代表性智能体替代。案例研究表明,该方法在显著降低计算时间的同时,保持了较高的模型准确性。该策略适用于需高效运行大规模社会仿真且容忍轻微近似的场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While Agent-Based Models can create detailed artificial societies based on individual differences and local context, they can be computationally intensive. Modelers may offset these costs through a parsimonious use of the model, for example by using smaller population sizes (which limits analyses in sub-populations), running fewer what-if scenarios, or accepting more uncertainty by performing fewer simulations. Alternatively, researchers may accelerate simulations via hardware solutions (e.g., GPU parallelism) or approximation approaches that operate a tradeoff between accuracy and compute time. In this paper, we present an approximation that combines agents who `think alike', thus reducing the population size and the compute time. Our innovation relies on representing agent behaviors as networks of rules (Fuzzy Cognitive Maps) and empirically evaluating different measures of distance between these networks. Then, we form groups of think-alike agents via community detection and simplify them to a representative agent. Case studies show that our simplifications remain accuracy.
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