系统梳理数字孪生在增材制造中的应用与技术融合路径
Digital Twins in Additive Manufacturing: A Systematic Review
- 从四类数字孪生类型出发，分析其在增材制造中的具体应用场景
- 揭示数字孪生与工业4.0技术融合现状及关键集成挑战
- 为研究者和工程师提供未来发展方向与实践参考
数字孪生（DTs）在增材制造（AM）中日益受到关注，因其能构建物理设备的虚拟副本，实现生产过程的实时监控。机器学习（ML）、增强现实（AR）和基于仿真的模型等先进技术在构建智能、可适应的制造数字孪生中发挥关键作用。然而，在可扩展性、高质量数据整合以及实时应用所需的计算能力方面仍存在诸多问题。理解当前数字孪生在增材制造中的发展状况，对解决这些挑战并充分发挥其潜力至关重要。为此，本文围绕四个核心研究问题展开系统综述：（1）增材制造中使用的数字孪生主要类型及其具体应用？（2）近期技术发展与实施进展如何？（3）数字孪生如何用于工艺优化与混合制造？（4）数字孪生如何与工业4.0技术集成？通过分析现有应用与技术，旨在为增材制造与数字孪生领域的研究人员和从业者提供更深入的理解与潜在的未来研究方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Digital Twins (DTs) are becoming popular in Additive Manufacturing (AM) due to their ability to create virtual replicas of physical components of AM machines, which helps in real-time production monitoring. Advanced techniques such as Machine Learning (ML), Augmented Reality (AR), and simulation-based models play key roles in developing intelligent and adaptable DTs in manufacturing processes. However, questions remain regarding scalability, the integration of high-quality data, and the computational power required for real-time applications in developing DTs. Understanding the current state of DTs in AM is essential to address these challenges and fully utilize their potential in advancing AM processes. Considering this opportunity, this work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DTs in AM by addressing the following four research questions: (1) What are the key types of DTs used in AM and their specific applications? (2) What are the recent developments and implementations of DTs? (3) How are DTs employed in process improvement and hybrid manufacturing? (4) How are DTs integrated with Industry 4.0 technologies? By discussing current applications and techniques, we aim to offer a better understanding and potential future research directions for researchers and practitioners in AM and DTs.
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