提出量化驾驶场景覆盖度的指标,确保自动驾驶系统测试全面性。
Coverage Metrics for a Scenario Database for the Scenario-Based Assessment of Automated Driving Systems
- 设计可量化的场景覆盖度指标,评估数据与场景是否完整覆盖ODD。
- 在HighD数据集上验证,10万+场景下可实现100%覆盖。
- 适合自动驾驶安全评估、测试场景生成的研究者使用。
自动驾驶系统(ADS)有望使出行服务对所有人更安全便捷。为此提出了多支柱安全评估框架(SAF),要求测试场景充分覆盖ADS的运行设计域(ODD)。当前常通过分析驾驶数据提取场景进行测试场景生成。本文聚焦两个关键问题:收集的场景是否涵盖所有相关ODD要素?是否覆盖了驾驶数据中所有潜在重要情境?为此提出量化覆盖度的指标,以回答上述问题。通过在HighD数据集上从10类场景中提取超过20万条场景的实验,验证了在特定条件下可实现100%覆盖,并识别出需补充的数据与场景以提升覆盖效果。本文虽给出数据与场景覆盖度的量化方法,但亦指出未来研究方向,包括驾驶数据与场景完整性的量化评估。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have the potential to make mobility services available and safe for all. A multi-pillar Safety Assessment Framework (SAF) has been proposed for the type-approval process of ADSs. The SAF requires that the test scenarios for the ADS adequately covers the Operational Design Domain (ODD) of the ADS. A common method for generating test scenarios involves basing them on scenarios identified and characterized from driving data. This work addresses two questions when collecting scenarios from driving data. First, do the collected scenarios cover all relevant aspects of the ADS' ODD? Second, do the collected scenarios cover all relevant aspects that are in the driving data, such that no potentially important situations are missed? This work proposes coverage metrics that provide a quantitative answer to these questions. The proposed coverage metrics are illustrated by means of an experiment in which over 200000 scenarios from 10 different scenario categories are collected from the HighD data set. The experiment demonstrates that a coverage of 100 % can be achieved under certain conditions, and it also identifies which data and scenarios could be added to enhance the coverage outcomes in case a 100 % coverage has not been achieved. Whereas this work presents metrics for the quantification of the coverage of driving data and the identified scenarios, this paper concludes with future research directions, including the quantification of the completeness of driving data and the identified scenarios.
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