AI社会风险亟需治理，提出可操作的应对方案。
A+AI: Threats to Society, Remedies, and Governance
- 以A+AI框架统摄算法与人工智能风险，聚焦近中期威胁。
- 提出账户验证、内容标注、训练数据披露等具体监管措施。
- 适合政策制定者与科技治理研究者参考，推动负责任创新。
本文聚焦人工智能对社会带来的威胁，尤其关注近期风险。多数威胁源于任何算法过程，而不仅限于AI；且定义AI本身也极为困难。因此，应采用“A+AI”（算法与人工智能）的综合视角。文章不仅分析威胁，还提出相应对策，并附表说明各项措施可缓解哪些风险。审慎的治理可在不阻碍进步的前提下管控风险，甚至通过减少社会混乱来加速发展。建议政府立即采取行动：要求所有美国可访问社交媒体平台提供用户公民身份验证并展示状态；规定用A+AI创建或显著修改的产品必须明确标注；限制生成式AI用于人物肖像复制；要求生成式AI开发者披露训练材料并补偿版权创作者；设立紧急研究项目以应对威胁；开展教育宣传提高公众认知。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This document focuses on the threats, especially near-term threats, that Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings to society. Most of the threats discussed here can result from any algorithmic process, not just AI; in addition, defining AI is notoriously difficult. For both reasons, it is important to think of "A+AI": Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence. In addition to the threats, this paper discusses countermeasures to them, and it includes a table showing which countermeasures are likely to mitigate which threats. Thoughtful governance could manage the risks without seriously impeding progress; in fact, chances are it would accelerate progress by reducing the social chaos that would otherwise be likely. The paper lists specific actions government should take as soon as possible, namely: * Require all social media platforms accessible in the U.S. to offer users verification that their accounts are owned by citizens, and to display every account's verification status * Establish regulations to require that all products created or significantly modified with A+AI be clearly labeled as such; to restrict use of generative AI to create likenesses of persons; and to require creators of generative AI software to disclose materials used to train their software and to compensate the creators of any copyrighted material used * Fund a crash project of research on mitigating the threats * Fund educational campaigns to raise awareness of the threats
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