用有限元模拟精准预测脑部超声消融热损伤，实验验证效果良好。
Deep Brain Ultrasound Ablation Thermal Dose Modeling with in Vivo Experimental Validation
- 构建改进的有限元模型，结合实际脑组织环境模拟热剂量分布。
- 模拟与实验温差仅2.19°C，消融体积误差5.74%，吻合度高。
- 适合神经外科超声治疗设计优化，也适用于医学影像验证研究。
体内针式治疗超声（NBTU）是一种微创干预恶性脑肿瘤的方法，常用于热消融治疗。该技术利用高频交变电场（最高达10 MHz）激发压电换能器，使其快速形变产生声波，在组织中传播并导致靶向肿瘤区域局部高温，引发细胞快速死亡。为优化NBTU换能器设计以实现精准热剂量输送，常采用数值方法建模换能器产生的声压场，并通过生物热传递模型追踪热扩散过程。磁共振热成像（MRTI）可用于实验验证模型。验证结果表明模型可重现热传播模式。然而，热损伤等效剂量图更利于评估疗效。为此，本文基于真实脑组织环境，提出一种具备增强损伤评估能力的新有限元方法（FEM）模拟。结果显示，模拟与实验的最高温度差异为2.1884°C（3.71%），消融体积差异为0.0631 cm³（5.74%）。峰值温度的最低皮尔逊相关系数（PCC）为0.7117，消融区域最低骰子系数（Dice）为0.7021，表明模拟与实验具有良好的一致性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Intracorporeal needle-based therapeutic ultrasound (NBTU) is a minimally invasive option for intervening in malignant brain tumors, commonly used in thermal ablation procedures. This technique is suitable for both primary and metastatic cancers, utilizing a high-frequency alternating electric field (up to 10 MHz) to excite a piezoelectric transducer. The resulting rapid deformation of the transducer produces an acoustic wave that propagates through tissue, leading to localized high-temperature heating at the target tumor site and inducing rapid cell death. To optimize the design of NBTU transducers for thermal dose delivery during treatment, numerical modeling of the acoustic pressure field generated by the deforming piezoelectric transducer is frequently employed. The bioheat transfer process generated by the input pressure field is used to track the thermal propagation of the applicator over time. Magnetic resonance thermal imaging (MRTI) can be used to experimentally validate these models. Validation results using MRTI demonstrated the feasibility of this model, showing a consistent thermal propagation pattern. However, a thermal damage isodose map is more advantageous for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. To achieve a more accurate simulation based on the actual brain tissue environment, a new finite element method (FEM) simulation with enhanced damage evaluation capabilities was conducted. The results showed that the highest temperature and ablated volume differed between experimental and simulation results by 2.1884°C (3.71%) and 0.0631 cm$^3$ (5.74%), respectively. The lowest Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) for peak temperature was 0.7117, and the lowest Dice coefficient for the ablated area was 0.7021, indicating a good agreement in accuracy between simulation and experiment.
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