arXiv:2409.03937cs.AI2024-09被引 21

用大模型预测跨城市出行流量,实现城市间精准迁移。

Harnessing LLMs for Cross-City OD Flow Prediction

  • 用大模型理解城市空间语义,融合出行与地点信息
  • 跨城市预测准确率优于现有方法,支持快速迁移
  • 适合城市规划、交通管理等需要跨城分析的场景

理解与预测起止地(OD)流量对城市规划与交通管理至关重要。传统模型虽在单个城市有效,但在不同城市间应用时受限于交通状况、城市布局与社会经济因素差异。本文提出一种基于大语言模型(LLMs)的跨城市OD流量预测新方法。通过利用LLMs的语义理解与上下文学习能力,弥合不同城市间的差异,实现可迁移的精准预测。框架包含四个核心环节:从源城市收集OD训练数据,指令微调LLM,预测目标城市的终点兴趣点(POI),并匹配最符合预测结果的位置。引入融合POI语义与行程距离的新损失函数。通过提取人移动与POI数据中的高质量语义特征,模型捕捉城市空间的功能关系及个体与各类地点的交互。大量实验表明,该方法在跨城市OD流量预测上显著优于当前最优学习方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Understanding and predicting Origin-Destination (OD) flows is crucial for urban planning and transportation management. Traditional OD prediction models, while effective within single cities, often face limitations when applied across different cities due to varied traffic conditions, urban layouts, and socio-economic factors. In this paper, by employing Large Language Models (LLMs), we introduce a new method for cross-city OD flow prediction. Our approach leverages the advanced semantic understanding and contextual learning capabilities of LLMs to bridge the gap between cities with different characteristics, providing a robust and adaptable solution for accurate OD flow prediction that can be transferred from one city to another. Our novel framework involves four major components: collecting OD training datasets from a source city, instruction-tuning the LLMs, predicting destination POIs in a target city, and identifying the locations that best match the predicted destination POIs. We introduce a new loss function that integrates POI semantics and trip distance during training. By extracting high-quality semantic features from human mobility and POI data, the model understands spatial and functional relationships within urban spaces and captures interactions between individuals and various POIs. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach over the state-of-the-art learning-based methods in cross-city OD flow prediction.

OD预测大模型跨城市交通管理

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