微机器人在血管中耗氧差异大，需动态调控以避免局部缺氧。
Chemical Power Variability among Microscopic Robots in Blood Vessels
- 基于葡萄糖和氧气的燃料电池为微机器人供能，考虑血流路径差异。
- 万亿级机器人会使部分区域氧浓度显著下降，百亿级影响较小。
- 可储氧或限速消耗，特别适用于门静脉、脾脏及冠状循环场景。
利用氧气和葡萄糖的燃料电池可为在血管中运行的微型机器人供能。由于机器人群组在不同循环路径中经过肺部的时间间隔、血液中红细胞比容变化及组织耗氧量不同，导致氧浓度下降程度存在显著差异。本文评估了这些因素对机器人耗氧引起的最低氧浓度的影响，发现其主要出现在长路径末端的中等静脉，尤其在与短路径汇合前。结果显示，数十亿个机器人可在全身获取数百皮瓦功率，对总氧含量影响甚微；但万亿级别机器人会显著耗尽某些区域的氧气。通过在长路径中储存氧气或限制消耗，可主动缓解此问题。文中以三个典型场景为例：门静脉系统（经两次毛细血管网）、脾脏（血流受狭缝显著减缓）以及冠状循环中的高组织耗氧情况。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Fuel cells using oxygen and glucose could power microscopic robots operating in blood vessels. Swarms of such robots can significantly reduce oxygen concentration, depending on the time between successive transits of the lung, hematocrit variation in vessels and tissue oxygen consumption. These factors differ among circulation paths through the body. This paper evaluates how these variations affect the minimum oxygen concentration due to robot consumption and where it occurs: mainly in moderate-sized veins toward the end of long paths prior to their merging with veins from shorter paths. This shows that tens of billions of robots can obtain hundreds of picowatts throughout the body with minor reduction in total oxygen. However, a trillion robots significantly deplete oxygen in some parts of the body. By storing oxygen or limiting their consumption in long circulation paths, robots can actively mitigate this depletion. The variation in behavior is illustrated in three cases: the portal system which involves passage through two capillary networks, the spleen whose slits significantly slow some of the flow, and large tissue consumption in coronary circulation.
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