将量子算法优化过程转化为音乐，探索量子计算与作曲的融合。
Developing a Framework for Sonifying Variational Quantum Algorithms: Implications for Music Composition
- 用量子算法优化步骤生成音乐，实现科学与艺术的交互
- 通过声学映射将QUBO问题转化为可听信号，支持实时创作
- 适合对量子计算、声音艺术感兴趣的跨学科研究者
本文探讨了变分量子调谐器（Variational Quantum Harmonizer, VQH）——一种用于变分量子算法（VQA）最小化步骤声学化的软件工具与音乐接口，特别聚焦于使用VQA求解二次无约束二值优化（QUBO）问题的声学化。该设计具备灵活性，既可用于科学研究中的听觉可视化，也可作为量子-数字混合音乐乐器服务于艺术创作。声学化有助于研究人员更深入理解复杂系统，并可用于量子物理与量子计算的教学。文中详细描述了VQH的结构，包括软件实现、控制机制及声学映射方式，并指导如何将QUBO代价函数设计为音乐创作对象。进一步讨论了量子辅助模拟在量子计算机辅助作曲与现场编程表演中的应用潜力。艺术成果以作品《六角室》（Thomas and Itaboraí, 2023）为例展示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This chapter examines the Variational Quantum Harmonizer, a software tool and musical interface that focuses on the problem of sonification of the minimization steps of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA), used for simulating properties of quantum systems and optimization problems assisted by quantum hardware. Particularly, it details the sonification of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems using VQA. A flexible design enables its future applications both as a sonification tool for auditory displays in scientific investigation, and as a hybrid quantum-digital musical instrument for artistic endeavours. In turn, sonification can help researchers understand complex systems better and can serve for the training of quantum physics and quantum computing. The VQH structure, including its software implementation, control mechanisms, and sonification mappings are detailed. Moreover, it guides the design of QUBO cost functions in VQH as a music compositional object. The discussion is extended to the implications of applying quantum-assisted simulation in quantum-computer aided composition and live-coding performances. An artistic output is showcased by the piece \textit{Hexagonal Chambers} (Thomas and Itaboraí, 2023).
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