用隐私保护技术生成可复用的临床数据,既安全又高效。
Controllable Synthetic Clinical Note Generation with Privacy Guarantees
- 结合差分隐私与微调任务,克隆含患者信息的医疗数据集
- 生成数据在统计特性上接近原数据,且无识别信息
- 相比传统匿名化数据,模型性能更优,适合医学AI研究
在机器学习领域,特定领域的标注数据是训练有效模型的宝贵资源。然而,在医疗领域,这些数据常包含个人健康信息(PHI),引发重大隐私担忧。针对PHI的严格监管限制了医疗数据集的可用性与共享,对开发先进机器学习模型的研究者和从业者构成重大挑战。本文提出一种新方法,用于‘克隆’包含PHI的数据集。该方法通过差分隐私技术和新颖的微调任务,确保克隆数据集保留原始数据的关键特征与实用价值,同时不泄露患者隐私。我们通过实用性测试评估了基于克隆数据集训练的机器学习模型性能。结果表明,克隆数据集不仅符合隐私标准,还能使模型表现优于使用传统匿名化数据训练的模型。本工作为敏感医疗数据在机器学习中的伦理化、高效利用提供了可行方案,助力医学研究进展与稳健预测模型的开发。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In the field of machine learning, domain-specific annotated data is an invaluable resource for training effective models. However, in the medical domain, this data often includes Personal Health Information (PHI), raising significant privacy concerns. The stringent regulations surrounding PHI limit the availability and sharing of medical datasets, which poses a substantial challenge for researchers and practitioners aiming to develop advanced machine learning models. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to "clone" datasets containing PHI. Our approach ensures that the cloned datasets retain the essential characteristics and utility of the original data without compromising patient privacy. By leveraging differential-privacy techniques and a novel fine-tuning task, our method produces datasets that are free from identifiable information while preserving the statistical properties necessary for model training. We conduct utility testing to evaluate the performance of machine learning models trained on the cloned datasets. The results demonstrate that our cloned datasets not only uphold privacy standards but also enhance model performance compared to those trained on traditional anonymized datasets. This work offers a viable solution for the ethical and effective utilization of sensitive medical data in machine learning, facilitating progress in medical research and the development of robust predictive models.
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