arXiv:2409.08658cs.LG2024-09被引 12

通过构建公平增强图,实现链接预测的无偏训练。

Promoting Fairness in Link Prediction with Graph Enhancement

  • 构建公平增强图,避免在预测阶段额外加公平约束
  • 提升不同敏感群体间链接预测的公平性,准确率与基线相当
  • 适用于大规模真实图数据,对多种GNN架构有良好泛化能力

链接预测是网络分析中的关键任务,但容易产生偏差,尤其在不同敏感群体节点之间生成不公平的链接预测。本文研究公平链接预测问题,旨在使预测链接概率独立于连通节点的敏感属性。现有方法通常在图嵌入中引入去偏技术,但大规模真实图训练本已困难,加入公平约束会进一步加剧复杂性。为此,我们提出FairLink,通过学习一个公平增强图,使链接预测器无需在训练中显式处理公平性。FairLink通过保持增强图与原始输入图相似的训练轨迹,维持链接预测准确性;同时通过最小化同组与跨组节点对之间链接概率的绝对差异,提升公平性。在多个大规模图上的实验表明,FairLink不仅显著提升公平性,且预测准确率常与基线相当。更重要的是,该增强图在不同GNN架构上表现出强泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Link prediction is a crucial task in network analysis, but it has been shown to be prone to biased predictions, particularly when links are unfairly predicted between nodes from different sensitive groups. In this paper, we study the fair link prediction problem, which aims to ensure that the predicted link probability is independent of the sensitive attributes of the connected nodes. Existing methods typically incorporate debiasing techniques within graph embeddings to mitigate this issue. However, training on large real-world graphs is already challenging, and adding fairness constraints can further complicate the process. To overcome this challenge, we propose FairLink, a method that learns a fairness-enhanced graph to bypass the need for debiasing during the link predictor's training. FairLink maintains link prediction accuracy by ensuring that the enhanced graph follows a training trajectory similar to that of the original input graph. Meanwhile, it enhances fairness by minimizing the absolute difference in link probabilities between node pairs within the same sensitive group and those between node pairs from different sensitive groups. Our extensive experiments on multiple large-scale graphs demonstrate that FairLink not only promotes fairness but also often achieves link prediction accuracy comparable to baseline methods. Most importantly, the enhanced graph exhibits strong generalizability across different GNN architectures.

图神经网络公平性链接预测去偏

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