超灵敏科学事件相机在0.7勒克斯下实现1.7%变化检测
SciDVS: A Scientific Event Camera with 1.7% Temporal Contrast Sensitivity at 0.7 lux
- 自适应像素预放大器提升场景内动态范围与灵敏度
- 0.7勒克斯光照下仍保持1.7%亮度变化感知能力
- 支持像素合并，可灵活权衡空间分辨率与灵敏度
本文报道了一款新型动态视觉传感器（DVS）事件相机，其在14倍更低照度下比现有商用及原型产品灵敏度高6倍。事件相机通过输出稀疏的亮度变化事件流，具备高动态范围、快速响应和高时间分辨率，适用于低光照和稀疏视觉事件的科学应用。然而，当前DVS受限于低灵敏度，主要由散粒噪声和像素间不匹配导致。商用DVS的最小亮度变化阈值超过10%，敏感原型可达1%，但需千勒克斯光照。本研究基于180nm CMOS图像传感器工艺实现的SciDVS原型，在0.7勒克斯芯片照度和18赫兹带宽下实现了1.7%的灵敏度。其创新特性包括：(1) 像素内自动居中预放大器，实现场景内高动态范围与灵敏度提升；(2) 改进的带宽控制以抑制散粒噪声；(3) 可选像素合并功能，允许用户在空间分辨率与灵敏度间进行权衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper reports a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) event camera that is 6x more sensitive at 14x lower illumination than existing commercial and prototype cameras. Event cameras output a sparse stream of brightness change events. Their high dynamic range (HDR), quick response, and high temporal resolution provide key advantages for scientific applications that involve low lighting conditions and sparse visual events. However, current DVS are hindered by low sensitivity, resulting from shot noise and pixel-to-pixel mismatch. Commercial DVS have a minimum brightness change threshold of >10%. Sensitive prototypes achieved as low as 1%, but required kilo-lux illumination. Our SciDVS prototype fabricated in a 180nm CMOS image sensor process achieves 1.7% sensitivity at chip illumination of 0.7 lx and 18 Hz bandwidth. Novel features of SciDVS are (1) an auto-centering in-pixel preamplifier providing intrascene HDR and increased sensitivity, (2) improved control of bandwidth to limit shot noise, and (3) optional pixel binning, allowing the user to trade spatial resolution for sensitivity.
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