用时序逻辑约束验证自动驾驶路径安全,提升系统可靠性。
Safety Verification and Navigation for Autonomous Vehicles based on Signal Temporal Logic Constraints
- 将时序逻辑约束融入模型预测控制,动态调整导航策略
- 通过鲁棒性值量化安全程度,高值对应更安全路径
- 适用于复杂场景下的自动驾驶安全验证,适合系统设计者
现代自动驾驶车辆的软件架构日益复杂,安全验证成为大规模部署前的关键任务。针对导航中的安全关键任务,需在部署前验证规划算法生成的轨迹。信号时序逻辑(STL)可定义自动驾驶的安全要求,一组STL约束构成规范。与传统逻辑不同,STL支持连续信号处理,通过计算信号的鲁棒性值来验证规范满足情况,鲁棒性越高表示系统越安全。本文提出一种基于STL约束的模型预测控制(MPC)控制器,以最小化控制输入为代价函数,将STL约束作为随场景变化的额外约束层。采用sTaliro(MATLAB实现的STL鲁棒性计算工具)以滚动时域方式构建闭环控制器,输入简化后的车辆状态空间模型和STL规范,测试多个场景下的导航性能,验证了所提方法在不同工况下确保自动驾驶系统的安全运行。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The software architecture behind modern autonomous vehicles (AV) is becoming more complex steadily. Safety verification is now an imminent task prior to the large-scale deployment of such convoluted models. For safety-critical tasks in navigation, it becomes imperative to perform a verification procedure on the trajectories proposed by the planning algorithm prior to deployment. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) constraints can dictate the safety requirements for an AV. A combination of STL constraints is called a specification. A key difference between STL and other logic constraints is that STL allows us to work on continuous signals. We verify the satisfaction of the STL specifications by calculating the robustness value for each signal within the specification. Higher robustness values indicate a safer system. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is one of the most widely used methods to control the navigation of an AV, with an underlying set of state and input constraints. Our research aims to formulate and test an MPC controller, with STL specifications as constraints, that can safely navigate an AV. The primary goal of the cost function is to minimize the control inputs. STL constraints will act as an additional layer of constraints that would change based on the scenario and task on hand. We propose using sTaliro, a MATLAB-based robustness calculator for STL specifications, formulated in a receding horizon control fashion for an AV navigation task. It inputs a simplified AV state space model and a set of STL specifications, for which it constructs a closed-loop controller. We test out our controller for different test cases/scenarios and verify the safe navigation of our AV model.
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