用合成雷达与光学遥感数据,实现科特迪瓦森林退化自动监测。
Deep Learning tools to support deforestation monitoring in the Ivory Coast using SAR and Optical satellite imagery
- 融合哨兵1号雷达与2号光学影像,构建森林/非森林分割模型。
- 2019至2020年估算出约1.2万公顷森林被砍伐,结果可信。
- 适用于云层覆盖多的发展中国家森林监管,适合政策与环保机构。
由于对周边环境的强烈影响,森林砍伐问题日益突出,尤其在经济条件较差、农业为主要收入来源的发展中国家。以科特迪瓦为例,可可种植是主要创收产业,常导致古老森林被新可可园取代。为监测此类破坏性活动,利用卫星图像识别森林消失情况至关重要。本研究采用森林-非森林地图(FNF)作为真实标签,基于哨兵(Sentinel)影像输入,对比了U-Net、Attention U-Net、Segnet和FCN32等先进模型,在不同年份结合哨兵1号、哨兵2号及云概率数据进行森林/非森林分割。尽管科特迪瓦缺乏森林覆盖数据集且部分区域未被哨兵影像覆盖,但结果表明,利用公开数据集可有效构建分类模型,预测潜在砍伐区域。相较于依赖可见光波段的研究,本研究引入合成孔径雷达(SAR)以克服云层遮挡问题。最终选定最优模型,估算出2019至2020年间约1.2万公顷森林被砍伐。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deforestation is gaining an increasingly importance due to its strong influence on the sorrounding environment, especially in developing countries where population has a disadvantaged economic condition and agriculture is the main source of income. In Ivory Coast, for instance, where the cocoa production is the most remunerative activity, it is not rare to assist to the replacement of portion of ancient forests with new cocoa plantations. In order to monitor this type of deleterious activities, satellites can be employed to recognize the disappearance of the forest to prevent it from expand its area of interest. In this study, Forest-Non-Forest map (FNF) has been used as ground truth for models based on Sentinel images input. State-of-the-art models U-Net, Attention U-Net, Segnet and FCN32 are compared over different years combining Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and cloud probability to create forest/non-forest segmentation. Although Ivory Coast lacks of forest coverage datasets and is partially covered by Sentinel images, it is demonstrated the feasibility to create models classifying forest and non-forests pixels over the area using open datasets to predict where deforestation could have occurred. Although a significant portion of the deforestation research is carried out on visible bands, SAR acquisitions are employed to overcome the limits of RGB images over areas often covered by clouds. Finally, the most promising model is employed to estimate the hectares of forest has been cut between 2019 and 2020.
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