arXiv:2409.11452cs.ROcs.LG2024-09被引 2

提出可自适应地形与机器人状态的动态模型,提升导航规划效率。

Learning a Terrain- and Robot-Aware Dynamics Model for Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation

  • 基于元学习构建概率动态模型,融合地形与机器人状态变化
  • 长时间预测误差低于不考虑变化的模型,性能更优
  • 适合需应对复杂环境与设备老化的真实机器人导航场景

移动机器人需具备规划高效路径的能力。然而,地形特性(如摩擦系数)和机器人自身属性(如负载、执行器增益、关节摩擦)常随时间与位置变化。现有自主导航方法难以适应此类动态变化。本文提出一种新型概率性前向动力学模型——TRADYN,可同时感知地形与机器人状态,并实现自适应。该方法基于神经过程扩展近期元学习技术,适用于具有单轮运动特性的二维机器人在空间变摩擦地形上的导航。实验表明,在长时序预测中,TRADYN相较未考虑状态变化的模型具有更低的预测误差。此外,在模型预测控制框架下,面对多种噪声源,该模型仍能生成更节能高效的控制路径,验证了其在实际导航中的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mobile robots should be capable of planning cost-efficient paths for autonomous navigation. Typically, the terrain and robot properties are subject to variations. For instance, properties of the terrain such as friction may vary across different locations. Also, properties of the robot may change such as payloads or wear and tear, e.g., causing changing actuator gains or joint friction. Autonomous navigation approaches should thus be able to adapt to such variations. In this article, we propose a novel approach for learning a probabilistic, terrain- and robot-aware forward dynamics model (TRADYN) which can adapt to such variations and demonstrate its use for navigation. Our learning approach extends recent advances in meta-learning forward dynamics models based on Neural Processes for mobile robot navigation. We evaluate our method in simulation for 2D navigation of a robot with uni-cycle dynamics with varying properties on terrain with spatially varying friction coefficients. In our experiments, we demonstrate that TRADYN has lower prediction error over long time horizons than model ablations which do not adapt to robot or terrain variations. We also evaluate our model for navigation planning in a model-predictive control framework and under various sources of noise. We demonstrate that our approach yields improved performance in planning control-efficient paths by taking robot and terrain properties into account.

机器人导航动态建模元学习自适应控制

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