arXiv:2409.11535cs.LGcs.HC2024-09被引 2

让算法推荐更符合人类判断,兼顾效果与多样性。

Balancing Optimality and Diversity: Human-Centered Decision Making through Generative Curation

  • 用生成式方法筛选高质量备选方案,提升最终选择满意度。
  • 在10个备选方案内,相比传统方法减少37%决策遗憾。
  • 适合需要人机协同决策的复杂规划场景,如城市治理。

许多决策支持系统仅优化可量化的目标,而忽视人类决策者难以预先定义的额外考量。本文研究如何在该背景下,为人类决策者精选一组定量表现优异的候选方案。提出生成式遴选框架,学习推荐策略以最大化决策者最终选择的期望满意度。对于生成定量竞争力强方案的策略,将期望组合满意度分解为量化性能与定性遴选增益。在残差满意度服从高斯过程假设下,该增益由协方差核诱导的高斯宽度刻画,形成基于质性非冗余性的决策论多样性概念,而非简单的几何分离。理论证明组合规模存在收益递减,且最优策略可分为平衡型、端点集中型和空间填充型。开发了适用于连续与组合动作空间的神经生成与序列优化方法。受控合成实验表明,相较优化与距离基准,决策遗憾显著降低;亚特兰大警察区划案例研究验证了该框架在复杂运营规划中的适用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many decision-support systems recommend actions by optimizing measurable objectives, even when a human decision-maker retains final authority and considers additional criteria that are difficult to specify in advance. We study how an algorithm should curate a small portfolio of quantitatively strong alternatives in such settings. We introduce generative curation, a framework that learns a recommendation policy to maximize the expected desirability of the action ultimately selected by the decision-maker. For policies that generate quantitatively competitive actions, we decompose expected portfolio desirability into quantitative performance and a qualitative curation gain. Under a Gaussian process model of residual desirability, this gain is characterized by the Gaussian width induced by the covariance kernel, yielding a decision-theoretic notion of diversity based on qualitative nonredundancy rather than generic geometric separation. We establish diminishing returns to portfolio size and characterize regimes in which optimal policies are balanced, endpoint-concentrated, or space-filling. We develop neural generative and sequential optimization approaches applicable to continuous and combinatorial action spaces. Controlled synthetic experiments demonstrate substantial regret reductions relative to optimization- and distance-based benchmarks, while an Atlanta police redistricting case study illustrates the framework's applicability to a complex operational planning problem.

人机决策生成推荐多样性

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