为无人机设计抗网络攻击的智能控制方案,提升安全性与鲁棒性。
Secure Control Systems for Autonomous Quadrotors against Cyber-Attacks
- 基于强化学习构建智能控制框架,应对恶意数据注入攻击。
- 提出最优攻击调度策略,在有限能量下显著降低飞行轨迹精度。
- 开源完整开发环境,支持复现与未来无人机安全研究。
机器人系统安全性问题已得到广泛研究,但针对三维系统如四旋翼无人机的安全威胁关注较少。恶意攻击者可篡改传感器数据和通信网络,引发事故、达成非法目标甚至造成人员伤害。本文首先设计了自主四旋翼无人机的智能控制系统,进而研究无人飞行器的最优虚假数据注入攻击调度与防御对策。采用先进的深度学习方法,提出一种最优虚假数据注入攻击方案,在有限攻击能量下严重损害四旋翼的跟踪性能;随后,学习一种最优跟踪控制策略以缓解攻击影响并恢复飞行精度。研究基于最新部署于自主场景的Agilicious四旋翼平台,是英国首次在该平台实现强化学习应用。为促进低工程成本下的可复现性,本文进一步提供:(1)该四旋翼系统的全面技术分解,含软件栈与硬件替代方案;(2)一套详尽的强化学习训练框架,用于在Agilicious代理上训练自主控制器;(3)一个基于PyFlyt的新开源环境,支持未来在Agilicious平台上开展强化学习研究。通过模拟与真实世界实验验证了所提框架的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The problem of safety for robotic systems has been extensively studied. However, little attention has been given to security issues for three-dimensional systems, such as quadrotors. Malicious adversaries can compromise robot sensors and communication networks, causing incidents, achieving illegal objectives, or even injuring people. This study first designs an intelligent control system for autonomous quadrotors. Then, it investigates the problems of optimal false data injection attack scheduling and countermeasure design for unmanned aerial vehicles. Using a state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach, an optimal false data injection attack scheme is proposed to deteriorate a quadrotor's tracking performance with limited attack energy. Subsequently, an optimal tracking control strategy is learned to mitigate attacks and recover the quadrotor's tracking performance. We base our work on Agilicious, a state-of-the-art quadrotor recently deployed for autonomous settings. This paper is the first in the United Kingdom to deploy this quadrotor and implement reinforcement learning on its platform. Therefore, to promote easy reproducibility with minimal engineering overhead, we further provide (1) a comprehensive breakdown of this quadrotor, including software stacks and hardware alternatives; (2) a detailed reinforcement-learning framework to train autonomous controllers on Agilicious agents; and (3) a new open-source environment that builds upon PyFlyt for future reinforcement learning research on Agilicious platforms. Both simulated and real-world experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed frameworks in section 5.2.
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