arXiv:2409.13064cs.SIcs.AI2024-09被引 6

用大模型分析俄乌战争博主如何通过语言制造对立,揭示冲突中敌意升级机制。

Fear and Loathing on the Frontline: Decoding the Language of Othering by Russia-Ukraine War Bloggers

  • 基于大语言模型构建量化敌意话语的新框架,超越传统仇恨言论识别。
  • 发现战时社交媒体中敌对话语显著增加,且常与道德化语言共现。
  • 适用于研究网络冲突舆论,尤其适合关注社会分裂与信息战的研究者。

他者化,即把外群体描绘为与内群体本质不同,常演变为将其视为生存威胁——这会加剧群体间冲突,并为排斥与暴力提供正当性。此类现象极为普遍,从纳粹德国和卢旺达种族灭绝的历史极端案例,到当前欧美针对移民的暴力与言辞,无处不在。尽管现有研究已探讨仇恨言论与恐惧言论,但这些概念仅捕捉了更复杂、更微妙的动态的一小部分,尤其在在线言论与宣传中更难察觉。为此,本文提出一种新颖的计算框架,利用大语言模型(LLMs)在多样化语境中量化他者化行为,扩展了传统敌意语言指标。将该模型应用于Telegram战地博主及Gab政治讨论的真实数据,揭示冲突期间他者化行为加剧,与道德化语言相互作用,并在危机时期获得更高关注度。该框架结合快速适应机制,为深入理解他者化动态提供了工具,有助于缓解其对社会凝聚力的负面影响。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Othering, the act of portraying outgroups as fundamentally different from the ingroup, often escalates into framing them as existential threats--fueling intergroup conflict and justifying exclusion and violence. These dynamics are alarmingly pervasive, spanning from the extreme historical examples of genocides against minorities in Germany and Rwanda to the ongoing violence and rhetoric targeting migrants in the US and Europe. While concepts like hate speech and fear speech have been explored in existing literature, they capture only part of this broader and more nuanced dynamic which can often be harder to detect, particularly in online speech and propaganda. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel computational framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to quantify othering across diverse contexts, extending beyond traditional linguistic indicators of hostility. Applying the model to real-world data from Telegram war bloggers and political discussions on Gab reveals how othering escalates during conflicts, interacts with moral language, and garners significant attention, particularly during periods of crisis. Our framework, designed to offer deeper insights into othering dynamics, combines with a rapid adaptation process to provide essential tools for mitigating othering's adverse impacts on social cohesion.

社会传播大模型冲突研究

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