通过基础姿态筛选,让机器人手高效设计出能用工具的结构。
The Foundational Pose as a Selection Mechanism for the Design of Tool-Wielding Multi-Finger Robotic Hands
- 以工具使用时的基础姿态为标准,筛选可操作的手部设计。
- 10785个设计中99%以上成功使用工具,验证方法有效性。
- 适合机器人手设计、多目标优化与硬件原型开发人员。
使用工具意味着以能发挥其功能的方式抓握并移动物体。当人类使用工具(如用笔写字或用剪刀剪裁)时,手部会进入特定姿态,这些姿态与仅搬运物体时截然不同。本文提出假设:若机械手能运动至工具使用时的基础姿态(FP),则能从该姿态操控工具。我们把FP理解为手与工具共同构成的并联机构的快照,同一手可对同一工具形成多个机构。在手部设计实验中,我们构建基于采样的多目标优化框架,利用三个FP生成并评估了100,480种手部设计。结果表明,其中10,785个设计可达指定FP;超过99%的可达设计成功使用工具,验证了假设。同时,该方法揭示了非凸、多目标优化中的聚类与帕累托前沿等特性,这些难以通过单一最优解方法发现。最后,我们通过配备刚性骨架和软质皮肤的硬件原型,验证了方法的可行性与应用潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
To wield an object means to hold and move it in a way that exploits its functions. When humans wield tools -- such as writing with a pen or cutting with scissors -- our hands would reach very specific poses, often drastically different from how we pick up the same objects just to transport them. In this work, we investigate the design of tool-wielding multi-finger robotic hand through a hypothesis: If a hand can kinematically reach a foundational pose (FP) with a tool, then it can wield the tool from that FP. We interpret FPs as snapshots that capture the workings of underlying parallel mechanisms formed by the tool and the hand, and one hand can form multiple mechanisms with the same tool. We tested our hypothesis in a hand design experiment, where we developed a sampling-based multi-objective design optimization framework that uses three FPs to computationally generate many different hand designs and evaluate them. The results show that 10,785 out of the 100,480 hand designs we sampled reached the FPs; more than 99\% of the 10,785 hands that reached the FPs successfully wielded tools, supporting our hypothesis. Meanwhile, our methods provide insights into the non-convex, multi-objective hand design optimization problem -- such as clustering and the Pareto front -- that could be hard to unveil with methods that return a single ``optimal" design. Lastly, we demonstrate our methods' real-world feasibility and potential with a hardware prototype equipped with rigid endoskeleton and soft skin.
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