arXiv:2409.14440cs.RO2024-09被引 13

用接触力提升机器人在复杂操作中的表现,让动作更顺滑高效。

Admittance Visuomotor Policy Learning for General-Purpose Contact-Rich Manipulations

  • 基于扩散模型融合视觉、触觉和本体感知,规划动作与接触力
  • 平均降低48.8%接触力,成功率提升15.3%,五项任务均表现最优
  • 适合需要高精度抓取与复杂接触操作的通用机器人任务

在接触丰富的环境中,接触力是机器人执行通用操作任务的关键信息模态,可弥补视觉与本体感知在碰撞检测、高精度抓取和高效操作方面的不足。本文提出一种基于阻抗的视觉-运动策略框架,用于连续、通用的接触丰富操作。演示阶段设计了一套低成本、易用的遥操作系统,支持接触交互,加速数据采集。训练与推理阶段,采用基于扩散模型的方法,从包含接触力、视觉和本体感知的多模态观测中规划动作轨迹与期望接触力,并使用阻抗控制器实现柔顺动作执行。在五个聚焦不同动作基元的挑战性任务上,与两种先进方法进行对比评估,结果表明该框架成功率达最高,接触过程更平滑高效,各项任务平均接触力降低48.8%,成功率平均提升15.3%。视频展示见 https://ryanjiao.github.io/AdmitDiffPolicy/

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Contact force in contact-rich environments is an essential modality for robots to perform general-purpose manipulation tasks, as it provides information to compensate for the deficiencies of visual and proprioceptive data in collision perception, high-precision grasping, and efficient manipulation. In this paper, we propose an admittance visuomotor policy framework for continuous, general-purpose, contact-rich manipulations. During demonstrations, we designed a low-cost, user-friendly teleoperation system with contact interaction, aiming to gather compliant robot demonstrations and accelerate the data collection process. During training and inference, we propose a diffusion-based model to plan action trajectories and desired contact forces from multimodal observation that includes contact force, vision and proprioception. We utilize an admittance controller for compliance action execution. A comparative evaluation with two state-of-the-art methods was conducted on five challenging tasks, each focusing on different action primitives, to demonstrate our framework's generalization capabilities. Results show our framework achieves the highest success rate and exhibits smoother and more efficient contact compared to other methods, the contact force required to complete each tasks was reduced on average by 48.8%, and the success rate was increased on average by 15.3%. Videos are available at https://ryanjiao.github.io/AdmitDiffPolicy/.

机器人操作接触力控制扩散模型

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