用提示增强与图文描述联合生成,减少视觉语言大模型幻觉。
Effectively Enhancing Vision Language Large Models by Prompt Augmentation and Caption Utilization
- 自动构建高质量提示并评估其效果,提升模型对变体提示的适应性。
- 引入图像描述作为辅助信息,在视觉特征不准时补足关键信息。
- 可无缝集成现有方法,显著降低幻觉率,适合实际部署场景。
近期研究表明,视觉语言大模型(VLLMs)可能生成与输入图像无关的内容,这种幻觉现象严重影响模型性能。为此,已有多种抗幻觉技术被提出。然而,大量实验表明,提示增强(如词语追加、重写、拼写错误等)虽能改变输出,却可能引发新的幻觉。为解决此问题,本文提出一种新的指令微调框架PACU(Prompt Augmentation and Caption Utilization),以在提示增强场景下提升VLLM生成能力。一方面,PACU利用现有大语言模型自动构建并评估多样化提示,筛选高质量提示用于增强VLLM处理不同提示的能力;另一方面,PACU将图像描述与图像特征及提示联合用于生成响应。当视觉特征不准确时,大语言模型可从图像描述中获取有用信息进行补充。在幻觉评估和提示增强数据集上的广泛实验表明,PACU能有效提升模型性能,并可与现有方案协同工作。代码已开源:https://github.com/zhaominyiz/PACU。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent studies have shown that Vision Language Large Models (VLLMs) may output content not relevant to the input images. This problem, called the hallucination phenomenon, undoubtedly degrades VLLM performance. Therefore, various anti-hallucination techniques have been proposed to make model output more reasonable and accurate. Despite their successes, from extensive tests we found that augmenting the prompt (e.g. word appending, rewriting, and spell error etc.) may change model output and make the output hallucinate again. To cure this drawback, we propose a new instruct-tuning framework called Prompt Augmentation and Caption Utilization (PACU) to boost VLLM's generation ability under the augmented prompt scenario. Concretely, on the one hand, PACU exploits existing LLMs to augment and evaluate diverse prompts automatically. The resulting high-quality prompts are utilized to enhance VLLM's ability to process different prompts. On the other hand, PACU exploits image captions to jointly work with image features as well as the prompts for response generation. When the visual feature is inaccurate, LLM can capture useful information from the image captions for response generation. Extensive experiments on hallucination evaluation and prompt-augmented datasets demonstrate that our PACU method can work well with existing schemes to effectively boost VLLM model performance. Code is available in https://github.com/zhaominyiz/PACU.
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