用通用模型学领域知识,提升非英语医疗文本分类效果。
DSG-KD: Knowledge Distillation from Domain-Specific to General Language Models
- 以通用模型为学生,领域模型为教师,通过知识蒸馏转移医疗知识。
- 在韩语儿科急诊电子病历上,分类准确率显著优于基线模型。
- 方法适合医疗等专业领域,尤其适用于非英语数据场景。
在自然语言处理中,微调预训练语言模型以应对特定下游任务是常见做法。然而,通过微调获取领域特定知识具有挑战性。传统方法需使用大量领域数据进行预训练,再针对具体任务微调。本研究基于韩国儿科急诊科(PEDs)的电子病历(EMR)数据,探讨紧急/非紧急分类任务。研究发现,现有领域专用预训练模型在处理非英语地区自由文本特征时表现不如通用语言模型。为此,我们提出一种领域知识迁移方法,利用知识蒸馏技术,通过微调将领域知识注入通用语言模型。该方法将通用语言模型作为学生模型,领域专用预训练模型作为教师模型,有效实现了知识迁移。特别针对韩国等非英语地区儿科急诊数据的复杂性,实验表明该方法显著提升了分类性能。所提方法不仅在韩语儿科急诊电子病历数据上超越基线模型,还具备在多个专业和技术领域扩展的潜力。未来工作将拓展至更多非英语地区和下游任务,结合先进知识蒸馏技术开发更优模型架构。代码已开源:https://github.com/JoSangYeon/DSG-KD。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The use of pre-trained language models fine-tuned to address specific downstream tasks is a common approach in natural language processing (NLP). However, acquiring domain-specific knowledge via fine-tuning is challenging. Traditional methods involve pretraining language models using vast amounts of domain-specific data before fine-tuning for particular tasks. This study investigates emergency/non-emergency classification tasks based on electronic medical record (EMR) data obtained from pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) in Korea. Our findings reveal that existing domain-specific pre-trained language models underperform compared to general language models in handling N-lingual free-text data characteristics of non-English-speaking regions. To address these limitations, we propose a domain knowledge transfer methodology that leverages knowledge distillation to infuse general language models with domain-specific knowledge via fine-tuning. This study demonstrates the effective transfer of specialized knowledge between models by defining a general language model as the student model and a domain-specific pre-trained model as the teacher model. In particular, we address the complexities of EMR data obtained from PEDs in non-English-speaking regions, such as Korea, and demonstrate that the proposed method enhances classification performance in such contexts. The proposed methodology not only outperforms baseline models on Korean PED EMR data, but also promises broader applicability in various professional and technical domains. In future works, we intend to extend this methodology to include diverse non-English-speaking regions and address additional downstream tasks, with the aim of developing advanced model architectures using state-of-the-art KD techniques. The code is available in https://github.com/JoSangYeon/DSG-KD.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。