考虑人类有限理性的动态博弈框架,让自动驾驶更安全顺畅地过斑马线。
Dynamic Game-Theoretical Decision-Making Framework for Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction with Human Bounded Rationality
- 用部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程融合行为博弈论,建模行人与车的动态互动。
- 在真实感测试中,该方法在安全、效率和顺滑度上表现优异,优于过往实验数据。
- 适合关注自动驾驶交互决策可信性与真实行为模拟的研究者。
涉及人类的交互环境给自动驾驶车辆的决策带来了巨大挑战,源于人类行为的复杂性和不确定性。开发可解释且可信的自动驾驶决策系统对于人车交互至关重要。以往研究多采用传统博弈论,因其具有可解释性,但其假设人类完全理性且推理能力无限,不符合现实。为克服此局限并提升模型准确性,本文提出一种新框架,将部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程与行为博弈理论结合,动态建模无信号灯交叉口处的自动驾驶车辆与行人的交互。车辆与行人均被建模为受动态信念驱动的量化认知层级(DB-QCH)模型,考虑人类在决策中的推理限制与有限理性。此外,引入动态信念更新机制,使车辆能根据观察到的行为实时调整对对方理性程度的理解,并相应调整策略。分析结果表明,所提模型能有效模拟人车交互,且提出的自动驾驶决策方法在安全性、效率与顺滑度方面表现良好,更接近真实驾驶行为,甚至在舒适性上优于先前虚拟现实实验数据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human-involved interactive environments pose significant challenges for autonomous vehicle decision-making processes due to the complexity and uncertainty of human behavior. It is crucial to develop an explainable and trustworthy decision-making system for autonomous vehicles interacting with pedestrians. Previous studies often used traditional game theory to describe interactions for its interpretability. However, it assumes complete human rationality and unlimited reasoning abilities, which is unrealistic. To solve this limitation and improve model accuracy, this paper proposes a novel framework that integrates the partially observable markov decision process with behavioral game theory to dynamically model AV-pedestrian interactions at the unsignalized intersection. Both the AV and the pedestrian are modeled as dynamic-belief-induced quantal cognitive hierarchy (DB-QCH) models, considering human reasoning limitations and bounded rationality in the decision-making process. In addition, a dynamic belief updating mechanism allows the AV to update its understanding of the opponent's rationality degree in real-time based on observed behaviors and adapt its strategies accordingly. The analysis results indicate that our models effectively simulate vehicle-pedestrian interactions and our proposed AV decision-making approach performs well in safety, efficiency, and smoothness. It closely resembles real-world driving behavior and even achieves more comfortable driving navigation compared to our previous virtual reality experimental data.
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