用绳索连接的六足机械臂,让无人机在动态环境中稳定抓取重物。
SPIBOT: A Drone-Tethered Mobile Gripper for Robust Aerial Object Retrieval in Dynamic Environments
- 通过绳索与无人机连接,保持安全距离防止吹飞目标
- 可在湖面浮台、草地、沙滩等复杂地形完成1公斤物体抓取
- 实时决策算法适应环境变化,适合海上救援等高动态场景
在真实野外作业中,空中抓取系统在强风、表面移动和负载沉重的环境下面临严峻挑战。尤其在处理重物时,无人机强劲的螺旋桨会将目标吹走,增加任务难度。为此,我们提出SPIBOT,一种新型无人机绳索式移动夹持器系统,用于在动态环境中实现鲁棒且稳定的自主目标回收。SPIBOT通过绳索连接,如蜘蛛般运作,使无人机可远离目标以避免干扰。为确保稳定移动与可靠抓取,该系统配备六条腿和传感器以估计自身状态与任务进展。其体积与重量均小于其他六足机器人,可轻松收纳于无人机下方并按需收放。专为2024年MBZIRC海事大奖赛设计,可执行在移动船甲板上抓取1公斤目标的任务。系统集成实时动作选择算法,根据距目标距离与环境条件动态调整行为,实现快速且鲁棒的任务执行。在湖上浮台、草地及沿海沙地橡胶垫等多种地形的实验表明,即使初始状态不规则或无人机引入噪声信息,SPIBOT仍能迅速定位目标并完成任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In real-world field operations, aerial grasping systems face significant challenges in dynamic environments due to strong winds, shifting surfaces, and the need to handle heavy loads. Particularly when dealing with heavy objects, the powerful propellers of the drone can inadvertently blow the target object away as it approaches, making the task even more difficult. To address these challenges, we introduce SPIBOT, a novel drone-tethered mobile gripper system designed for robust and stable autonomous target retrieval. SPIBOT operates via a tether, much like a spider, allowing the drone to maintain a safe distance from the target. To ensure both stable mobility and secure grasping capabilities, SPIBOT is equipped with six legs and sensors to estimate the robot's and mission's states. It is designed with a reduced volume and weight compared to other hexapod robots, allowing it to be easily stowed under the drone and reeled in as needed. Designed for the 2024 MBZIRC Maritime Grand Challenge, SPIBOT is built to retrieve a 1kg target object in the highly dynamic conditions of the moving deck of a ship. This system integrates a real-time action selection algorithm that dynamically adjusts the robot's actions based on proximity to the mission goal and environmental conditions, enabling rapid and robust mission execution. Experimental results across various terrains, including a pontoon on a lake, a grass field, and rubber mats on coastal sand, demonstrate SPIBOT's ability to efficiently and reliably retrieve targets. SPIBOT swiftly converges on the target and completes its mission, even when dealing with irregular initial states and noisy information introduced by the drone.
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