快速校准多惯性传感器,提升视觉惯性定位精度。
Fast Extrinsic Calibration for Multiple Inertial Measurement Units in Visual-Inertial System
- 分离估计多惯性单元相对位置与姿态,无需外部参考
- 仅用两个校准后的IMU即可达到九个未校准IMU的定位效果
- 适用于高精度导航系统,尤其适合多传感器集成场景
本文提出一种快速外参标定方法,用于融合多个惯性测量单元(MIMU)以提升视觉惯性里程计(VIO)的定位精度。现有MIMU数据融合算法依赖于惯性传感器数量,假设其外参完全校准,但忽略了外参误差的影响。本文构建两个非线性最小二乘问题,独立在线估计多IMU间的相对位置与姿态,不依赖外部传感器或惯性噪声估计。同时给出虚拟惯性单元(VIMU)的通用形式,并提出其在流形上的传播方法。在自研传感器板及不同IMU组合的数据集上验证,本方法在速度、精度和鲁棒性上均优于对比方法。仿真显示,仅用两个经校准的IMU即可达到九个未校准IMU的运动预测性能;真实实验表明,结合本方法与流形传播的VIO具有更优定位精度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this paper, we propose a fast extrinsic calibration method for fusing multiple inertial measurement units (MIMU) to improve visual-inertial odometry (VIO) localization accuracy. Currently, data fusion algorithms for MIMU highly depend on the number of inertial sensors. Based on the assumption that extrinsic parameters between inertial sensors are perfectly calibrated, the fusion algorithm provides better localization accuracy with more IMUs, while neglecting the effect of extrinsic calibration error. Our method builds two non-linear least-squares problems to estimate the MIMU relative position and orientation separately, independent of external sensors and inertial noises online estimation. Then we give the general form of the virtual IMU (VIMU) method and propose its propagation on manifold. We perform our method on datasets, our self-made sensor board, and board with different IMUs, validating the superiority of our method over competing methods concerning speed, accuracy, and robustness. In the simulation experiment, we show that only fusing two IMUs with our calibration method to predict motion can rival nine IMUs. Real-world experiments demonstrate better localization accuracy of the VIO integrated with our calibration method and VIMU propagation on manifold.
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