arXiv:2409.17109cs.CVcs.AI2024-09被引 1

从多模态大模型中提取语义层级关系,让黑箱推理可验证。

Unveiling Ontological Commitment in Multi-Modal Foundation Models

  • 用文本嵌入+层次聚类挖掘模型内部的类别层级结构。
  • 成功从主流模型中提取出有意义的语义分类体系。
  • 适合需要可解释性与知识验证的AI安全、可信计算场景。

本研究关注多模态基础模型中的本体承诺问题,即模型隐含使用的概念、关系和假设。当前深度神经网络(DNN)虽能自动学习丰富表征,但其内在的定性知识难以透明化,阻碍了对模型推理过程的检查、验证与适配。现有方法仅能关联预定义概念与隐向量,且提取的关系多局限于语义相似性。为此,本文提出一种新方法:从给定的叶节点概念出发,提取多模态DNN中学习到的上位类层次结构。具体步骤为:(1) 利用DNN的文本输入模态获取叶概念嵌入;(2) 基于向量距离反映语义相似性的特性,应用层次聚类生成层级结构;(3) 使用现有本体库搜索匹配父类概念进行标注。初步评估表明,主流基础模型可被成功提取出有意义的本体分类体系,并展示了如何将模型学习表征与已有本体进行对比验证。未来在定性推理的可解释性与可靠性方面具有广泛应用潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Ontological commitment, i.e., used concepts, relations, and assumptions, are a corner stone of qualitative reasoning (QR) models. The state-of-the-art for processing raw inputs, though, are deep neural networks (DNNs), nowadays often based off from multimodal foundation models. These automatically learn rich representations of concepts and respective reasoning. Unfortunately, the learned qualitative knowledge is opaque, preventing easy inspection, validation, or adaptation against available QR models. So far, it is possible to associate pre-defined concepts with latent representations of DNNs, but extractable relations are mostly limited to semantic similarity. As a next step towards QR for validation and verification of DNNs: Concretely, we propose a method that extracts the learned superclass hierarchy from a multimodal DNN for a given set of leaf concepts. Under the hood we (1) obtain leaf concept embeddings using the DNN's textual input modality; (2) apply hierarchical clustering to them, using that DNNs encode semantic similarities via vector distances; and (3) label the such-obtained parent concepts using search in available ontologies from QR. An initial evaluation study shows that meaningful ontological class hierarchies can be extracted from state-of-the-art foundation models. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to validate and verify a DNN's learned representations against given ontologies. Lastly, we discuss potential future applications in the context of QR.

可解释性本体提取多模态模型

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