arXiv:2409.18631quant-phcs.AI2024-09被引 6

用量子算法优化无人机任务规划,提速经典方法。

Quantum Algorithms for Drone Mission Planning

  • 将无人机任务规划转为可量子求解的QUBO问题
  • 在商用量子退火机上求解效果优于部分经典边缘算法
  • 针对VQE设计专用量子线路,高效利用有限算力

任务规划常需在限定条件下优化情报、监视与侦察(ISR)资源以达成目标。本文研究多架无人机访问多个目标并使用传感器采集数据的任务,此类问题通常为NP难问题,经典计算机难以高效求解。当任务中出现新约束或目标时,需在短时间内生成新解。为此,本文探究近中期量子算法在该场景下的加速潜力。我们提出将此类问题统一建模为混合整数线性规划(MILP),并转化为无约束二次二值优化(QUBO)。该框架具有高度灵活性,适用于多种约束,并明确给出了量子比特的规模需求。通过商业量子退火器求解该QUBO,并与当前边缘经典求解器对比性能;同时分析了量子近似优化算法(QAOA)的求解结果。最后,提出高效的变分量子本征值求解器(VQE)编码方法,针对具体问题定制变分电路,以最大化利用可用量子比特资源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mission planning often involves optimising the use of ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) assets in order to achieve a set of mission objectives within allowed parameters subject to constraints. The missions of interest here, involve routing multiple UAVs visiting multiple targets, utilising sensors to capture data relating to each target. Finding such solutions is often an NP-Hard problem and cannot be solved efficiently on classical computers. Furthermore, during the mission new constraints and objectives may arise, requiring a new solution to be computed within a short time period. To achieve this we investigate near term quantum algorithms that have the potential to offer speed-ups against current classical methods. We demonstrate how a large family of these problems can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and then converted to a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO). The formulation provided is versatile and can be adapted for many different constraints with clear qubit scaling provided. We discuss the results of solving the QUBO formulation using commercial quantum annealers and compare the solutions to current edge classical solvers. We also analyse the results from solving the QUBO using Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithms (QAOA) and discuss their results. Finally, we also provide efficient methods to encode to the problem into the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) formalism, where we have tailored the ansatz to the problem making efficient use of the qubits available.

量子计算无人机调度QUBOVQE

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