提出自适应隐私分配方法,提升私密因果图发现的准确性和效率。
CURATE: Scaling-up Differentially Private Causal Graph Discovery
- 根据算法阶段动态分配隐私预算,关键步骤更少加噪
- 在多个数据集上实现更高预测性能且隐私泄露更低
- 适合对隐私与精度均有要求的因果推断场景
因果图发现(CGD)旨在估计表示数据特征联合分布的潜在概率图模型。现有算法分为基于约束和基于评分两类。由于观测数据中敏感特征易引发隐私泄露,差分隐私(DP)被引入保护用户隐私。但在序列化估计过程中统一加噪会降低预测性能。本研究发现:约束类算法的初始条件独立性检验、评分类算法后期优化迭代至关重要,需更精确、更少噪声。为此,提出CURATE(CaUsal gRaph AdapTivE privacy),一种支持自适应隐私预算分配的差分隐私因果图发现框架。相比现有均匀分配隐私预算的方法,CURATE通过最小化错误概率(约束类)、最大化优化迭代次数(评分类),在累积隐私泄露可控前提下提升性能。在多个数据集上的实验表明,该方法在保持更低隐私泄露的同时,显著提升了实用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Causal Graph Discovery (CGD) is the process of estimating the underlying probabilistic graphical model that represents joint distribution of features of a dataset. CGD-algorithms are broadly classified into two categories: (i) Constraint-based algorithms (outcome depends on conditional independence (CI) tests), (ii) Score-based algorithms (outcome depends on optimized score-function). Since, sensitive features of observational data is prone to privacy-leakage, Differential Privacy (DP) has been adopted to ensure user privacy in CGD. Adding same amount of noise in this sequential-natured estimation process affects the predictive performance of the algorithms. As initial CI tests in constraint-based algorithms and later iterations of the optimization process of score-based algorithms are crucial, they need to be more accurate, less noisy. Based on this key observation, we present CURATE (CaUsal gRaph AdapTivE privacy), a DP-CGD framework with adaptive privacy budgeting. In contrast to existing DP-CGD algorithms with uniform privacy budgeting across all iterations, CURATE allows adaptive privacy budgeting by minimizing error probability (for constraint-based), maximizing iterations of the optimization problem (for score-based) while keeping the cumulative leakage bounded. To validate our framework, we present a comprehensive set of experiments on several datasets and show that CURATE achieves higher utility compared to existing DP-CGD algorithms with less privacy-leakage.
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