Zorro是一组可微分的新型激活函数,能替代ReLU且避免梯度爆炸和神经元死亡。
Zorro: A Flexible and Differentiable Parametric Family of Activation Functions That Extends ReLU and GELU
- 融合ReLU与Sigmoid设计五种平滑可微的激活函数
- 在全连接、卷积和Transformer模型上均表现优于或媲美现有方法
- 参数可调,适配不同数据集与网络结构,无需归一化
尽管近年来如Transformer和Extended LSTM(xLSTM)等架构以及传统卷积神经网络中广泛使用激活函数以增强训练效率并捕捉非线性模式,但过去30年提出的400多种函数中仅有少数被广泛应用。ReLU虽常用,但存在不可导点和梯度爆炸问题;而GELU与Swish变体则需额外参数适应不同场景。本文提出一种新的激活函数族Zorro,其为连续可微、灵活的五类函数,结合了ReLU与Sigmoid特性。该函数在0-1区间内行为类似ReLU,同时作为信息门控机制,无需归一化处理,有效避免神经元死亡与梯度爆炸。此外,Zorro可近似实现Swish、GELU及DGELU等函数,并通过参数调节适配不同数据集与网络结构。我们在全连接、卷积及Transformer架构上验证了其有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Even in recent neural network architectures such as Transformers and Extended LSTM (xLSTM), and traditional ones like Convolutional Neural Networks, Activation Functions are an integral part of nearly all neural networks. They enable more effective training and capture nonlinear data patterns. More than 400 functions have been proposed over the last 30 years, including fixed or trainable parameters, but only a few are widely used. ReLU is one of the most frequently used, with GELU and Swish variants increasingly appearing. However, ReLU presents non-differentiable points and exploding gradient issues, while testing different parameters of GELU and Swish variants produces varying results, needing more parameters to adapt to datasets and architectures. This article introduces a novel set of activation functions called Zorro, a continuously differentiable and flexible family comprising five main functions fusing ReLU and Sigmoid. Zorro functions are smooth and adaptable, and serve as information gates, aligning with ReLU in the 0-1 range, offering an alternative to ReLU without the need for normalization, neuron death, or gradient explosions. Zorro also approximates functions like Swish, GELU, and DGELU, providing parameters to adjust to different datasets and architectures. We tested it on fully connected, convolutional, and transformer architectures to demonstrate its effectiveness.
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