通过无线标签定位实现有意愿者才被拍摄的隐私保护摄像头
Opt-in Camera: Person Identification in Video via UWB Localization and Its Application to Opt-in Systems
- 用可穿戴无线标签作为同意凭证，结合视频追踪匹配身份
- 实时识别准确率高，8-23人小空间内10帧/秒稳定运行
- 适合关注隐私的公共监控、智能安防等场景
本文提出一种名为opt-in camera的隐私保护摄像头系统，仅记录在人群中明确同意被拍摄的个体。系统通过佩戴于个人物品上的移动无线通信标签作为同意证明，并用于在视频中定位标签持有者。首先利用无迹卡尔曼滤波器（UKF）跟踪标签地面位置随时间变化轨迹；随后将该轨迹与视频中行人视觉追踪结果进行匹配，以识别标签携带者。为此，我们设计了一种基于约束线性优化的专用轨迹匹配方法，以及一种新型标定技术，可同时处理无线标签与摄像头之间的标定及UKF超参数调优，有效缓解无线定位中的非视距（NLoS）问题。系统使用超宽带（UWB）设备和现成网络摄像头实现。实验表明，本系统可在10帧/秒下实时完成个体识别，在8-23人的封闭空间内具备可靠准确率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents opt-in camera, a concept of privacy-preserving camera systems capable of recording only specific individuals in a crowd who explicitly consent to be recorded. Our system utilizes a mobile wireless communication tag attached to personal belongings as proof of opt-in and as a means of localizing tag carriers in video footage. Specifically, the on-ground positions of the wireless tag are first tracked over time using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The tag trajectory is then matched against visual tracking results for pedestrians found in videos to identify the tag carrier. Technically, we devise a dedicated trajectory matching technique based on constrained linear optimization, as well as a novel calibration technique that handles wireless tag-camera calibration and hyperparameter tuning for the UKF, which mitigates the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) issue in wireless localization. We implemented the proposed opt-in camera system using ultra-wideband (UWB) devices and an off-the-shelf webcam. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can perform opt-in recording of individuals in real-time at 10 fps, with reliable identification accuracy in crowds of 8-23 people in a confined space.
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