通过数据驱动方法优化触觉传感器布局,提升灵巧操作效率。
Data-Driven Optimization of Tactile Sensor Configurations for Efficient Dexterous Manipulation
- 先粗后细两阶段优化:先剔除冗余传感器,再用高斯回归与稀疏回归评估重要性。
- 21个传感器保留93%性能,14个传感器仍超90%性能,中指传感器反而降低表现。
- 结果跨任务、跨机械臂通用,为低成本高效触觉系统设计提供量化依据。
触觉感知对基于学习的灵巧操作至关重要,但传感器布局的系统性指导仍缺失。密集阵列虽能提供丰富接触反馈,却带来高昂硬件成本,且可能因冗余或冲突输入损害策略性能。本文提出首个系统性框架,量化单个触觉传感器对深度强化学习(DRL)策略性能的贡献。采用两阶段方法:第一阶段粗粒度实验剪枝,将Shadow Hand的92个传感器减少至21个,同时保持93%的任务性能;第二阶段结合高斯过程回归(GPR)与Lasso回归,精细排序剩余传感器的功能重要性。分析显示,拇指、无名指和小指上的传感器主导操作性能,而中指传感器呈现负贡献——干扰策略学习。三个任务(方块、鸡蛋、笔)的消融实验表明,14个传感器配置仍可保持超过90%的全阵列性能。零样本迁移实验在两个新物体上及跨平台验证(Allegro与Leap手)进一步证明,重要性排序具有跨任务与机器人形态的泛化能力。研究结果为实践者提供了可量化的部署指南,支持在成本与性能间做出可预测的权衡决策。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tactile sensing is critical for learning-based dexterous manipulation, yet principled guidelines for sensor placement remain largely absent. While dense sensor arrays provide rich contact feedback, they impose significant hardware costs and can even degrade policy performance by introducing redundant or conflicting inputs. This paper presents the first systematic framework for quantifying the contribution of individual tactile sensors to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policy performance. We propose a two-stage approach: a coarse empirical pruning phase that reduces the sensor count on the Shadow Hand from 92 to 21 while retaining 93\% task performance, followed by a fine-grained active learning phase that combines Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with Lasso regression to rank the functional importance of each remaining sensor. Our analysis reveals that sensors on the thumb, ring finger, and little finger dominate manipulation performance, while middle-finger sensors exhibit negative contributions -- actively degrading policy learning. Ablation studies across three manipulation tasks (block, egg, and pen) confirm that a 14-sensor configuration preserves over 90\% of the full-array performance. Zero-shot transfer experiments on two novel objects and cross-platform validation on the Allegro and Leap Hand further demonstrate that the identified importance rankings generalize across tasks and robot morphologies. These findings establish quantitative deployment guidelines that enable practitioners to select cost-effective sensor configurations with predictable performance trade-offs.
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