用种子数据自动挖掘真实行业语料,提升大模型在医疗金融领域的表现。
DoPAMine: Domain-specific Pre-training Adaptation from seed-guided data Mining
- 基于大模型生成种子数据,从海量网络文本中精准挖掘领域语料。
- 在医疗和金融任务上,零样本与五样本设置下性能平均提升4.9%~6.7%。
- 适合需要低成本构建领域专用大模型的研究者与企业应用。
大型语言模型(LLMs)在众多工业领域展现出强大的泛化能力,其能力主要源于预训练阶段的数据。然而,在专业或低资源领域,这些模型表现受限。现有方法虽尝试用大模型生成领域合成数据,但常缺乏真实性与复杂性;而在医疗、金融等有真实数据的领域,多数模型为专有,亟需可扩展的真实数据构建方法。本文提出自动化、可扩展的框架DoPAMine:通过大模型生成特定领域的多样化种子数据,再以此从大规模语料库(如Common Crawl)中挖掘真实世界数据,用于语言模型的领域适应。我们在持续预训练(CPT)设置下,分别在医疗与金融领域训练两个70亿参数的领域专用语言模型。实验表明,相比基线模型,DoPAMine在医疗任务(MMLU、MedQA、MedMCQA、PubMedQA)上的零样本与五样本准确率平均提升4.9%和5.1%;在金融任务(FiQA-SA、FPB、Headlines)上分别提升2.9%和6.7%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generalize effectively across numerous industry domains while executing a range of tasks. Many of these competencies are obtained from the data utilized during the pre-training phase of the Language Models (LMs). However, these models exhibit limitations when tasked with performing in specialized or low-resource industry domains. More recent approaches use LLMs for generating domain-specific synthetic data but most often they lack in truthfulness and complexity. Alternatively, in cases where domain data is available like healthcare and finance most of the LMs are proprietary necessitating the need for a scalable method to curate real world industry specific pre-training data. In this work, we propose an automated and scalable framework - DoPAMine:Domain-specific Pre-training Adaptation from seed-guided data Mining, to mine domain specific training data from a large data corpus for domain adaptation of a LM. The framework leverages the parametric knowledge of a LLM to generate diverse and representative seed data tailored to a specific domain which is then used to mine real world data from a large data corpus like Common Crawl. We evaluated our framework's performance in the continual pre-training (CPT) setting by training two domain specific 7B parameter LMs in healthcare and finance with data mined via DoPAMine. Our experiments show that DoPAMine boosts the performance of pre-trained LLMs on average by 4.9% and 5.1% in zero-shot and 5-shot settings respectively on healthcare tasks from MMLU, MedQA, MedMCQA and PubMedQA datasets, and 2.9% and 6.7% for zero-shot and 5-shot settings respectively on finance tasks from FiQA-SA, FPB and Headlines datasets when compared to the baseline.
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