用扩散模型指导搜索,实现多指操作的高效接触规划。
Diffusion-Informed Probabilistic Contact Search for Multi-Finger Manipulation
- 结合扩散模型与A*搜索,生成受物理约束的接触序列。
- 在模拟和真实硬件上均超越训练数据表现,成功率提升18%以上。
- 适合需要高精度接触规划的机器人抓取与操作任务。
多指操作中的接触丰富交互规划因系统高维性和混合动态特性而极具挑战。尽管数据驱动方法有潜力,但对训练数据质量敏感。本文提出扩散引导的概率接触搜索(DIPS),利用A*搜索生成由扩散模型指导的接触模式序列。扩散模型在轨迹优化器生成的接触模式与轨迹数据集上训练。同时,采用类粒子滤波方法处理扩散采样中的模型误差,通过学习判别器估计轨迹似然。实验表明,该方法在多个任务中优于不考虑不确定性的基线,并能规划出超越训练数据的接触序列。评估涵盖模拟桌面卡片滑动与螺丝刀拧转任务,以及真实场景中的螺丝刀任务,验证了学习与规划结合方法在现实世界中的有效迁移。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Planning contact-rich interactions for multi-finger manipulation is challenging due to the high-dimensionality and hybrid nature of dynamics. Recent advances in data-driven methods have shown promise, but are sensitive to the quality of training data. Combining learning with classical methods like trajectory optimization and search adds additional structure to the problem and domain knowledge in the form of constraints, which can lead to outperforming the data on which models are trained. We present Diffusion-Informed Probabilistic Contact Search (DIPS), which uses an A* search to plan a sequence of contact modes informed by a diffusion model. We train the diffusion model on a dataset of demonstrations consisting of contact modes and trajectories generated by a trajectory optimizer given those modes. In addition, we use a particle filter-inspired method to reason about variability in diffusion sampling arising from model error, estimating likelihoods of trajectories using a learned discriminator. We show that our method outperforms ablations that do not reason about variability and can plan contact sequences that outperform those found in training data across multiple tasks. We evaluate on simulated tabletop card sliding and screwdriver turning tasks, as well as the screwdriver task in hardware to show that our combined learning and planning approach transfers to the real world.
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