IBM突破千比特量子芯片，推动量子计算从实验走向实用。
IBM Quantum Computers: Evolution, Performance, and Future Directions
- 构建多代量子处理器，实现从数百到超千比特的跃迁
- 性能指标持续优化，跨越噪声中等规模量子时代
- 为未来容错量子计算奠定硬件基础
量子计算机代表计算技术的变革性前沿，有望实现超越经典计算极限的指数级加速。自2016年起，IBM Quantum通过IBM Cloud提供量子硬件访问，实现了世界首个可公开使用的量子计算机里程碑。本文回顾了IBM量子计算的发展历程，聚焦于实用化量子计算机的演进。总结了各代处理器的进展，包括近期突破1,000量子比特的瓶颈。系统评估了不同硬件平台的性能指标演变，揭示了IBM Quantum正从噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）时代迈向容错量子计算能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum computers represent a transformative frontier in computational technology, promising exponential speedups beyond classical computing limits. IBM Quantum has led significant advancements in both hardware and software, providing access to quantum hardware via IBM Cloud since 2016, achieving a milestone with the world's first accessible quantum computer. This article explores IBM's quantum computing journey, focusing on the development of practical quantum computers. We summarize the evolution and advancements of IBM Quantum's processors across generations, including their recent breakthrough surpassing the 1,000-qubit barrier. The paper reviews detailed performance metrics across various hardware, tracing their evolution over time and highlighting IBM Quantum's transition from the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing era towards fault-tolerant quantum computing capabilities.
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