用多任务模仿学习让AI自动教人高性能驾驶,效果媲美真人教练。
Computational Teaching for Driving via Multi-Task Imitation Learning
- 通过多任务模仿学习,利用非交互数据自监督训练教学模型。
- 在模拟和真实赛道上,学生使用系统指导后更少出界,表现显著提升。
- 适合自动驾驶教学、赛车训练及人机交互研究者参考。
学习体育或高性能驾驶等运动技能通常依赖专业人类教师的指导,但这类资源稀缺。本文目标是构建可自动教学的智能系统,其行为类似真人教师。然而,训练此类系统受限于高质量师生互动数据的缺乏。为此,我们提出一种基于多任务模仿学习(MTIL)的驾驶教学方法,通过利用易于获取的非交互式人类执行任务数据,生成自监督信号,使模型学习鲁棒表征。我们在四个层面验证该方法:(1) 基于真实驾驶轨迹构建的半合成数据集,(2) 专业赛道教学数据集,(3) 赛道竞速模拟器中的人类受试实验,(4) 在真实赛车场仪器车上的系统演示。实验表明,合理设置的辅助任务显著提升了教学指令预测性能;在人机实验中,接受该系统指导的学生更少偏离赛道边界,且对系统的有用性和满意度评价较高。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning motor skills for sports or performance driving is often done with professional instruction from expert human teachers, whose availability is limited. Our goal is to enable automated teaching via a learned model that interacts with the student similar to a human teacher. However, training such automated teaching systems is limited by the availability of high-quality annotated datasets of expert teacher and student interactions that are difficult to collect at scale. To address this data scarcity problem, we propose an approach for training a coaching system for complex motor tasks such as high performance driving via a Multi-Task Imitation Learning (MTIL) paradigm. MTIL allows our model to learn robust representations by utilizing self-supervised training signals from more readily available non-interactive datasets of humans performing the task of interest. We validate our approach with (1) a semi-synthetic dataset created from real human driving trajectories, (2) a professional track driving instruction dataset, (3) a track-racing driving simulator human-subject study, and (4) a system demonstration on an instrumented car at a race track. Our experiments show that the right set of auxiliary machine learning tasks improves performance in predicting teaching instructions. Moreover, in the human subjects study, students exposed to the instructions from our teaching system improve their ability to stay within track limits, and show favorable perception of the model's interaction with them, in terms of usefulness and satisfaction.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。