用预训练模型提升强化学习探索效率,让智能体更聪明地试错。
PreND: Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation in Reinforcement Learning through Pre-trained Network Distillation
- 用预训练网络替代原始视觉输入,生成更有意义的内在动机信号。
- 在Atari游戏上比RND方法提升显著,样本效率更高,探索更稳定。
- 适合研究稀疏奖励环境下强化学习优化的学者和工程师。
内在动机受婴儿发展心理学启发,在无稀疏外部奖励时激发智能体探索。现有基于预测的方法如随机网络蒸馏(RND)存在四大局限:(1)依赖原始视觉输入,表征意义不足;(2)难以构建鲁棒潜在空间;(3)目标网络初始化差;(4)内在奖励快速退化。本文提出预训练网络蒸馏(PreND),通过在目标网络与预测器中引入预训练表示模型,显著提升内在动机信号的质量与稳定性,增强模型表征能力。同时,通过控制学习率等简单但有效的预测器优化策略,进一步提升性能。在Atari环境下的实验表明,PreND显著优于RND,带来更稳健的内在动机信号,提升探索效率与整体表现。本研究强调了目标与预测网络表征质量在基于预测的内在动机中的关键作用,为稀疏奖励环境中强化学习代理的高效学习提供了新方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Intrinsic motivation, inspired by the psychology of developmental learning in infants, stimulates exploration in agents without relying solely on sparse external rewards. Existing methods in reinforcement learning like Random Network Distillation (RND) face significant limitations, including (1) relying on raw visual inputs, leading to a lack of meaningful representations, (2) the inability to build a robust latent space, (3) poor target network initialization and (4) rapid degradation of intrinsic rewards. In this paper, we introduce Pre-trained Network Distillation (PreND), a novel approach to enhance intrinsic motivation in reinforcement learning (RL) by improving upon the widely used prediction-based method, RND. PreND addresses these challenges by incorporating pre-trained representation models into both the target and predictor networks, resulting in more meaningful and stable intrinsic rewards, while enhancing the representation learned by the model. We also tried simple but effective variants of the predictor network optimization by controlling the learning rate. Through experiments on the Atari domain, we demonstrate that PreND significantly outperforms RND, offering a more robust intrinsic motivation signal that leads to better exploration, improving overall performance and sample efficiency. This research highlights the importance of target and predictor networks representation in prediction-based intrinsic motivation, setting a new direction for improving RL agents' learning efficiency in sparse reward environments.
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