arXiv:2410.04190cs.CRcs.CL2024-10被引 5

用资源占满模型,让安全机制失效,实现可调节的越狱攻击

Harnessing Task Overload for Scalable Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models

  • 先让模型处理耗资源的任务,占满计算能力
  • 在不调参、无梯度的情况下,成功越狱主流大模型
  • 适合研究安全漏洞或对抗攻击的开发者

大型语言模型(LLMs)仍易受越狱攻击,现有方法固定或针对特定模型,难以灵活调节攻击强度。本文提出一种新型可扩展越狱攻击:通过预先执行高消耗的字符映射查找与解码任务,占用模型计算资源,从而阻止其激活安全策略。实验表明,该方法在主流LLMs上无需梯度访问或人工提示工程即可实现高成功率越狱,且能量化并适配不同规模模型的最优攻击强度。结果揭示当前安全机制对资源约束更脆弱,暴露了大模型安全设计的关键漏洞,亟需考虑资源密集型场景的防御策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Existing attack methods are fixed or specifically tailored for certain models and cannot flexibly adjust attack strength, which is critical for generalization when attacking models of various sizes. We introduce a novel scalable jailbreak attack that preempts the activation of an LLM's safety policies by occupying its computational resources. Our method involves engaging the LLM in a resource-intensive preliminary task - a Character Map lookup and decoding process - before presenting the target instruction. By saturating the model's processing capacity, we prevent the activation of safety protocols when processing the subsequent instruction. Extensive experiments on state-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate that our method achieves a high success rate in bypassing safety measures without requiring gradient access, manual prompt engineering. We verified our approach offers a scalable attack that quantifies attack strength and adapts to different model scales at the optimal strength. We shows safety policies of LLMs might be more susceptible to resource constraints. Our findings reveal a critical vulnerability in current LLM safety designs, highlighting the need for more robust defense strategies that account for resource-intense condition.

越狱攻击大模型安全资源攻击

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