arXiv:2410.04818eess.SYcs.LG2024-10被引 7

用物理约束提升图神经网络,让电力系统优化更快更稳。

Physics-Informed Graph Neural Networks for Robust AC-Optimal Power Flow

  • 将物理规律融入图神经网络,直接学习可行解与不可行解的差异模式。
  • 在多个电网系统中实现比传统求解器快上百倍的计算速度,且约束满足率相当。
  • 无需预筛选数据,能自动识别不可行的运行状态,适合实际复杂电网部署。

我们提出PINCO,一种将图神经网络与物理信息神经网络结合的无监督学习框架,用于求解交流最优潮流(AC-OPF)。与现有方法需预筛选可行实例不同,该框架可处理未过滤数据,包含病态案例。解决了两个关键问题:(1)对最多N-2故障情形的拓扑变化保持鲁棒性;(2)不依赖传统求解器即可检测不可行的最优潮流实例。通过增强拉格朗日乘子嵌入物理定律,并引入带有可学习中心点的聚类分支,基于约束违反模式自动分离可行与不可行解。在IEEE 30-bus、IEEE 57-bus及瑞士输电网等多尺度系统上评估,验证了其在不同负载和拓扑变化下的可扩展性与鲁棒性。对比DeepOPF-FT与IPOPT求解器,PINCO在约束满足率相当的前提下,相较IPOPT提速两到三个数量级,且所有配置下运行成本更低。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present PINCO, an unsupervised learning framework that integrates Graph Neural Networks with physics-informed neural networks for AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) solutions. Unlike state-of-the-art unsupervised methods that require prescreened datasets containing only feasible instances, our approach operates on unfiltered data, including ill-conditioned cases. The framework addresses two critical gaps in the literature: (1) robustness to topology changes up to N-2 contingencies, and (2) detecting optimal power flow instances that are infeasible without relying on traditional solvers for data filtering. PINCO embeds physical laws into the learning process via augmented Lagrangian multipliers. In addition, it introduces a clustering branch with learnable centroids that automatically separate feasible from infeasible solutions based on constraint-violation patterns. We evaluate the framework across systems of varying complexity, including the IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and Swiss transmission networks, demonstrating scalability and robustness under diverse loading conditions and topology variations. Benchmarking against DeepOPF-FT and the IPOPT solver shows that PINCO achieves comparable constraint satisfaction while delivering two to three orders of magnitude computational speedup compared to IPOPT and lower operational costs across all configurations.

电力系统图神经网络物理信息优化加速

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