通过元学习捕捉神经活动中的共享动态结构,实现少样本快速建模。
Meta-Dynamical State Space Models for Integrative Neural Data Analysis
- 基于任务相关神经数据构建低维流形,表征动态变化的共性模式。
- 在少样本条件下实现合成系统与运动皮层数据的精准重构与预测。
- 适合研究神经编码、跨任务泛化与少样本神经动力学建模的学者。
神经系统的共享结构有助于快速学习和适应行为,这一现象已在机器学习中被广泛应用以提升模型在新环境中的泛化能力。然而,针对相似任务中神经活动所蕴含的共享动态结构,现有方法仍显不足。现有技术通常仅针对单一数据集推断动态,难以处理不同记录间的统计差异。本文提出假设:相似任务对应一组相关的动态解,并提出一种新型元学习方法,从训练动物的任务相关神经活动中学习该解空间。具体而言,我们利用低维流形捕捉记录间的变异性,从而紧凑地参数化这一动态家族,使得在新记录下能快速学习潜在动态。我们在少样本重建与预测合成动力系统,以及不同臂部抓取任务下的运动皮层神经记录上验证了该方法的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning shared structure across environments facilitates rapid learning and adaptive behavior in neural systems. This has been widely demonstrated and applied in machine learning to train models that are capable of generalizing to novel settings. However, there has been limited work exploiting the shared structure in neural activity during similar tasks for learning latent dynamics from neural recordings. Existing approaches are designed to infer dynamics from a single dataset and cannot be readily adapted to account for statistical heterogeneities across recordings. In this work, we hypothesize that similar tasks admit a corresponding family of related solutions and propose a novel approach for meta-learning this solution space from task-related neural activity of trained animals. Specifically, we capture the variabilities across recordings on a low-dimensional manifold which concisely parametrizes this family of dynamics, thereby facilitating rapid learning of latent dynamics given new recordings. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on few-shot reconstruction and forecasting of synthetic dynamical systems, and neural recordings from the motor cortex during different arm reaching tasks.
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