用Transformer生成飞船轨迹初始解,提速降错还更省燃料
Towards Robust Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization via Transformers
- 用Transformer模型生成优化算法的初始轨迹,实现快速收敛
- 相比传统方法,燃料消耗最多降低30%,不可行情况减少50%
- 适合需要高可靠性、实时决策的航天器自主导航场景
未来多航天器任务需要具备鲁棒的自主轨迹优化能力,以确保安全高效的交会对接。该能力依赖于在实时条件下求解非凸最优控制问题,但传统迭代方法(如序列凸规划)存在显著计算负担。为缓解这一挑战,自主交会Transformer(ART)引入了生成模型,用于提供近似最优的初始猜测,从而提升收敛至更优局部极小值(如燃料最优性)、提高可行性率,并通过热启动加快优化算法速度。本文将ART扩展至处理鲁棒性随机约束最优控制问题,特别应用于低地球轨道(LEO)复杂交会场景,确保在不确定性下的容错行为。通过大量实验验证,所提出的热启动策略始终生成高质量参考轨迹,在多种状态表示下实现最高30%的成本改善和50%的不可行案例减少,展现出强鲁棒性。此外,提出一种事后评估框架,用于评估生成轨迹质量并缓解运行时故障,标志着迈向将AI驱动方案可靠部署于航天器等安全关键自主系统的重要一步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Future multi-spacecraft missions require robust autonomous trajectory optimization capabilities to ensure safe and efficient rendezvous operations. This capability hinges on solving non-convex optimal control problems in real-time, although traditional iterative methods such as sequential convex programming impose significant computational challenges. To mitigate this burden, the Autonomous Rendezvous Transformer (ART) introduced a generative model trained to provide near-optimal initial guesses. This approach provides convergence to better local optima (e.g., fuel optimality), improves feasibility rates, and results in faster convergence speed of optimization algorithms through warm-starting. This work extends the capabilities of ART to address robust chance-constrained optimal control problems. Specifically, ART is applied to challenging rendezvous scenarios in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), ensuring fault-tolerant behavior under uncertainty. Through extensive experimentation, the proposed warm-starting strategy is shown to consistently produce high-quality reference trajectories, achieving up to 30\% cost improvement and 50\% reduction in infeasible cases compared to conventional methods, demonstrating robust performance across multiple state representations. Additionally, a post hoc evaluation framework is proposed to assess the quality of generated trajectories and mitigate runtime failures, marking an initial step toward the reliable deployment of AI-driven solutions in safety-critical autonomous systems such as spacecraft.
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