用时间反演对称性正则化,让神经微分方程更准地模拟各类物理系统。
Physics-Informed Regularization for Domain-Agnostic Dynamical System Modeling
- 通过时间反演对称性正则化,提升神经微分方程对复杂动力系统的建模能力。
- 在混沌三摆场景中,模型误差降低11.5%,显著优于现有方法。
- 适用于保守与非保守系统,尤其适合缺乏精确物理先验的场景。
仅从数据学习复杂物理动态是挑战性的,因系统需满足内在物理性质。尽管基于哈密顿神经网络(HNNs)的物理先验可实现能量守恒系统的高精度建模,但现实系统常偏离严格能量守恒,遵循不同物理规律。为此,我们提出一种新框架,通过引入时间反演对称性(TRS)正则化项,在数值层面实现对广泛动力系统的高精度建模。该方法在保持保守系统能量守恒的同时,为非保守但可逆系统提供强归纳偏置。虽为特定领域物理先验,我们首次理论证明了TRS损失能通过最小化常微分方程(ODE)积分中的高阶泰勒项,普遍提升建模精度,对各类系统均有数值优势,甚至适用于不可逆系统。将该损失集成至神经微分方程模型中,所提模型TREAT在多种物理系统上表现优异,在具有挑战性的混沌三摆场景中实现了11.5%的均方误差(MSE)下降,验证其广泛应用性和有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning complex physical dynamics purely from data is challenging due to the intrinsic properties of systems to be satisfied. Incorporating physics-informed priors, such as in Hamiltonian Neural Networks (HNNs), achieves high-precision modeling for energy-conservative systems. However, real-world systems often deviate from strict energy conservation and follow different physical priors. To address this, we present a framework that achieves high-precision modeling for a wide range of dynamical systems from the numerical aspect, by enforcing Time-Reversal Symmetry (TRS) via a novel regularization term. It helps preserve energies for conservative systems while serving as a strong inductive bias for non-conservative, reversible systems. While TRS is a domain-specific physical prior, we present the first theoretical proof that TRS loss can universally improve modeling accuracy by minimizing higher-order Taylor terms in ODE integration, which is numerically beneficial to various systems regardless of their properties, even for irreversible systems. By integrating the TRS loss within neural ordinary differential equation models, the proposed model TREAT demonstrates superior performance on diverse physical systems. It achieves a significant 11.5% MSE improvement in a challenging chaotic triple-pendulum scenario, underscoring TREAT's broad applicability and effectiveness.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。