arXiv:2410.06576cs.CV2024-10ECCV

正常图像特征与异常图像特征空间相似,可提升少样本异常检测效果。

On The Relationship between Visual Anomaly-free and Anomalous Representations

  • 利用正常样本特征空间逼近特定异常特征空间
  • 在少样本和域适应场景下显著提升检测性能
  • 适合做工业质检等真实场景下的异常检测

异常检测是计算机视觉中的重要问题,应用广泛。当前方法存在系统性缺陷:表面异常检测需区分多种具体异常类型(如裂纹、锈蚀),但异常样本稀少,难以训练深度模型。尽管迁移学习被广泛采用,但主流源域(如ImageNet、JFT-300M、LAION-2B)与表面材料领域关联性弱。本文提出并验证关键假设:正常样本的视觉特征空间与各类特定异常的特征空间具有良好相关性。实验表明,基于此假设的迁移学习已取得显著成效。发现一个与目标域接近且样本丰富、类间分离度小但稳定的辅助域,将极大推动异常检测的域适应与少样本学习,使真实场景下的异常检测成为可能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Anomaly Detection is an important problem within computer vision, having variety of real-life applications. Yet, the current set of solutions to this problem entail known, systematic shortcomings. Specifically, contemporary surface Anomaly Detection task assumes the presence of multiple specific anomaly classes e.g. cracks, rusting etc., unlike one-class classification model of past. However, building a deep learning model in such setup remains a challenge because anomalies arise rarely, and hence anomaly samples are quite scarce. Transfer learning has been a preferred paradigm in such situations. But the typical source domains with large dataset sizes e.g. ImageNet, JFT-300M, LAION-2B do not correlate well with the domain of surfaces and materials, an important premise of transfer learning. In this paper, we make an important hypothesis and show, by exhaustive experimentation, that the space of anomaly-free visual patterns of the normal samples correlates well with each of the various spaces of anomalous patterns of the class-specific anomaly samples. The first results of using this hypothesis in transfer learning have indeed been quite encouraging. We expect that finding such a simple closeby domain that readily entails large number of samples, and which also oftentimes shows interclass separability though with narrow margins, will be a useful discovery. Especially, it is expected to improve domain adaptation for anomaly detection, and few-shot learning for anomaly detection, making in-the-wild anomaly detection realistically possible in future.

异常检测迁移学习少样本

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