AI让核生化武器扩散风险升级，呼吁更新联合国1540号决议应对新威胁
New technologies and AI: envisioning future directions for UNSCR 1540
- 分析AI在军用领域如何加剧核生化武器扩散风险
- 指出生成式AI等新技术带来全新威胁形态
- 建议扩展1540决议并建立AI治理框架
本文研究人工智能（AI）在军事领域的融合带来的新兴挑战，尤其在联合国安理会第1540号决议（UNSCR 1540）背景下。该决议旨在防止大规模杀伤性武器（WMDs）扩散，最初聚焦于核、化学和生物威胁。随着AI的快速发展，出现了前所未有的复杂性。论文批判性分析了AI如何加剧现有WMD风险（如通过自杀式无人机和杀人机器人），并引入新威胁（如利用生成式AI的潜力），从而危及国际和平与安全。文章呼吁将AI技术影响纳入UNSCR 1540的范畴，推动建立治理框架以应对这些新兴风险。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper investigates the emerging challenges posed by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the military domain, particularly within the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (UNSCR 1540), which seeks to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). While the resolution initially focused on nuclear, chemical, and biological threats, the rapid advancement of AI introduces new complexities that were previously unanticipated. We critically analyze how AI can both exacerbate existing risks associated with WMDs (e.g., thorough the deployment of kamikaze drones and killer robots) and introduce novel threats (e.g., by exploiting Generative AI potentialities), thereby compromising international peace and security. The paper calls for an expansion of UNSCR 1540 to address the growing influence of AI technologies in the development, dissemination, and potential misuse of WMDs, urging the creation of a governance framework to mitigate these emerging risks.
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