构建可支持多人多机协作的物理机器人实验系统,用于研究团队效率与信任机制。
CoHRT: A Collaboration System for Human-Robot Teamwork
- 基于视觉跟踪与客户端架构,实现人机协同任务的无缝协作
- 支持双人一机器人在真实环境中完成积木与拼图任务,记录多模态数据
- 适用于研究机器人行为可预测性、公平感对团队信任的影响
协作机器人正越来越多地部署于工厂、医院、学校等场景中以提升团队效能。然而现有系统多局限于一人一机,且依赖游戏或虚拟仿真,忽视了机器人的物理存在及其对真实协作的影响。多数任务为轮换制,难以实现并行执行。本文提出 CoHRT(Human-Robot Teamwork Collaboration System),通过服务器-客户端架构、视觉追踪系统及简洁交互界面,支持多人多机器人在真实环境中的无缝协作与通信。系统可设计考虑人类身心负荷与技能差异的任务,支持多模态数据采集。我们使用 CoHRT 实现了一个由一台 Franka Emika Panda 机器人与两名人类组成的协作团队,完成积木搬运与拼图任务,可用于开发自适应协作策略。同时,系统也为未来多样化人机协作研究提供了方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Collaborative robots are increasingly deployed alongside humans in factories, hospitals, schools, and other domains to enhance teamwork and efficiency. Systems that seamlessly integrate humans and robots into cohesive teams for coordinated and efficient task execution are needed, enabling studies on how robot collaboration policies affect team performance and teammates' perceived fairness, trust, and safety. Such a system can also be utilized to study the impact of a robot's normative behavior on team collaboration. Additionally, it allows for investigation into how the legibility and predictability of robot actions affect human-robot teamwork and perceived safety and trust. Existing systems are limited, typically involving one human and one robot, and thus require more insight into broader team dynamics. Many rely on games or virtual simulations, neglecting the impact of a robot's physical presence. Most tasks are turn-based, hindering simultaneous execution and affecting efficiency. This paper introduces CoHRT (Collaboration System for Human-Robot Teamwork), which facilitates multi-human-robot teamwork through seamless collaboration, coordination, and communication. CoHRT utilizes a server-client-based architecture, a vision-based system to track task environments, and a simple interface for team action coordination. It allows for the design of tasks considering the human teammates' physical and mental workload and varied skill labels across the team members. We used CoHRT to design a collaborative block manipulation and jigsaw puzzle-solving task in a team of one Franka Emika Panda robot and two humans. The system enables recording multi-modal collaboration data to develop adaptive collaboration policies for robots. To further utilize CoHRT, we outline potential research directions in diverse human-robot collaborative tasks.
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