提出在线动态网络设计方法，实时响应环境变化并优化公交系统性能。
Online design of dynamic networks
- 基于蒙特卡洛树搜索的滚动时域优化，实现动态网络在线构建。
- 在纽约出租车数据上，性能优于传统车辆路径算法，支持复杂换乘。
- 适合需要实时适应需求变化的交通、物流等动态系统设计场景。
网络设计通常在运行前离线完成，而动态网络的研究已十分广泛。本文首次提出在线动态网络设计方法，适用于需在随机变化环境中持续运行的场景。我们采用基于蒙特卡洛树搜索的滚动时域优化，实现网络随时间逐步构建，以响应环境变化并维持性能目标。通过模拟纽约市出租车数据，应用于未来动态公交网络设计：巴士线路可实时新建，而非仅扩展车辆轨迹。相比传统动态车辆路径问题（VRP）方法，该方法能构建结构化线路网络，支持复杂乘客行程，显著提升系统效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Designing a network (e.g., a telecommunication or transport network) is mainly done offline, in a planning phase, prior to the operation of the network. On the other hand, a massive effort has been devoted to characterizing dynamic networks, i.e., those that evolve over time. The novelty of this paper is that we introduce a method for the online design of dynamic networks. The need to do so emerges when a network needs to operate in a dynamic and stochastic environment. In this case, one may wish to build a network over time, on the fly, in order to react to the changes of the environment and to keep certain performance targets. We tackle this online design problem with a rolling horizon optimization based on Monte Carlo Tree Search. The potential of online network design is showcased for the design of a futuristic dynamic public transport network, where bus lines are constructed on the fly to better adapt to a stochastic user demand. In such a scenario, we compare our results with state-of-the-art dynamic vehicle routing problem (VRP) resolution methods, simulating requests from a New York City taxi dataset. Differently from classic VRP methods, that extend vehicle trajectories in isolation, our method enables us to build a structured network of line buses, where complex user journeys are possible, thus increasing system performance.
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