融合三种模型预测欧洲杯赛果,法国最被看好。
Modeling and Prediction of the UEFA EURO 2024 via Combined Statistical Learning Approaches
- 用线性模型、随机森林和梯度提升树联合建模
- 模拟10万次赛事,法国夺冠概率达19.2%
- 结合历史数据、赔率和球员评分等多维信息
本文整合三种不同机器学习模型——广义线性模型、随机森林和极端梯度提升模型——构建联合预测模型,用于预测 UEFA EURO 2024 的比赛结果。模型基于 2004–2020 年欧洲杯的赛事数据训练,引入球队特征变量及三个增强变量:基于国家队历史比赛数据的指标、博彩公司对各队夺冠赔率的统计、以及涵盖俱乐部与国际比赛数据的球员评分。利用当前参赛球队的协变量信息,最终模型对 2024 年欧洲杯进行 10 万次模拟,推导各阶段胜率。预测结果显示,法国以 19.2% 的概率成为头号热门,英格兰紧随其后(16.7%),东道主德国则为 13.7%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this work, three fundamentally different machine learning models are combined to create a new, joint model for forecasting the UEFA EURO 2024. Therefore, a generalized linear model, a random forest model, and a extreme gradient boosting model are used to predict the number of goals a team scores in a match. The three models are trained on the match results of the UEFA EUROs 2004-2020, with additional covariates characterizing the teams for each tournament as well as three enhanced variables derived from different ranking methods for football teams. The first enhanced variable is based on historic match data from national teams, the second is based on the bookmakers' tournament winning odds of all participating teams, and the third is based on historic match data of individual players both for club and international matches, resulting in player ratings. Then, based on current covariate information of the participating teams, the final trained model is used to predict the UEFA EURO 2024. For this purpose, the tournament is simulated 100.000 times, based on the estimated expected number of goals for all possible matches, from which probabilities across the different tournament stages are derived. Our combined model identifies France as the clear favourite with a winning probability of 19.2%, followed by England (16.7%) and host Germany (13.7%).
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