用注意力融合多模型输出,提升信用卡欺诈检测精度与可解释性。
Explainable AI for Fraud Detection: An Attention-Based Ensemble of CNNs, GNNs, and A Confidence-Driven Gating Mechanism
- 通过DOWA和IOWA加权融合CNN、RNN、GNN等模型预测结果。
- 在三个数据集上准确率超98%,且对未知欺诈模式泛化能力强。
- 结合SHAP识别关键特征,让模型决策过程透明可解释。
电子商务快速发展和信用卡在线支付普及,使信用卡欺诈(CCF)检测变得至关重要。欺诈不仅造成银行巨额损失,还损害用户对数字服务的信任。本文提出一种基于堆叠的CCF检测新方法,在传统分类流程基础上增加两个层次:注意力层与置信度驱动组合层。注意力层中,使用依赖型有序加权平均(DOWA)融合CNN与RNN的软输出,用诱导型有序加权平均(IOWA)融合GNN与LSTM的输出,捕获不同预测信号以提升准确率。置信度层则选择不确定性更低的聚合结果输入元学习器。为增强可解释性,采用SHAP方法识别区分欺诈与正常交易的前十大关键特征,并用于注意力模型。在三个公开数据集上的实验表明,该方法具有高准确率与强鲁棒泛化能力,适用于实际金融风控场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid expansion of e-commerce and the widespread use of credit cards in online purchases and financial transactions have significantly heightened the importance of promptly and accurately detecting credit card fraud (CCF). Not only do fraudulent activities in financial transactions lead to substantial monetary losses for banks and financial institutions, but they also undermine user trust in digital services. This study presents a new stacking-based approach for CCF detection by adding two extra layers to the usual classification process: an attention layer and a confidence-based combination layer. In the attention layer, we combine soft outputs from a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) using the dependent ordered weighted averaging (DOWA) operator, and from a graph neural network (GNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network using the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. These weighted outputs capture different predictive signals, increasing the model's accuracy. Next, in the confidence-based layer, we select whichever aggregate (DOWA or IOWA) shows lower uncertainty to feed into a meta-learner. To make the model more explainable, we use shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to identify the top ten most important features for distinguishing between fraud and normal transactions. These features are then used in our attention-based model. Experiments on three datasets show that our method achieves high accuracy and robust generalization, making it effective for CCF detection.
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