arXiv:2410.09344cs.LGcs.AI2024-10ICLR被引 12

提升微调模型压缩效率,让大比例参数剪枝仍保持高精度。

DARE the Extreme: Revisiting Delta-Parameter Pruning For Fine-Tuned Models

  • 改进重缩放机制与正则化方法,应对高剪枝率下的性能下降。
  • 在超过30%剪枝率下,编码器模型准确率损失低于1%,解码器模型提升更显著。
  • 适用于需要高效部署多个微调模型的场景,如多任务推理系统。

开源微调模型的独立存储带来冗余并增加应用中的响应延迟。增量参数剪枝(DPP)通过剪除微调模型与预训练模型权重间的差异部分(即增量参数),在通常情况下实现极小性能损失。然而,当剪枝率或增量参数量级较大时,现有方法DARE会失效。本文指出其失败原因:一是剪枝率升高导致重缩放因子过大;二是增量参数均值和方差过高。为此提出DAREx(DARE the eXtreme),包含两项改进:(1) DAREx-q,通过调整重缩放因子,在高剪枝率下表现优异(如编码器模型在COLA、SST2上>30%剪枝率下性能损失极小);(2) DAREx-L2,将DARE与AdamR结合,训练中引入合适的增量正则化。同时证明DAREx-q可无缝集成至LoRA等参数高效微调技术,并支持结构化剪枝。此外,重新评估基于重要性的剪枝策略,发现其在增量参数较大时优于随机剪枝。本文构建了面向实际场景的DPP方法选择流程。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Storing open-source fine-tuned models separately introduces redundancy and increases response times in applications utilizing multiple models. Delta-parameter pruning (DPP), particularly the random drop and rescale (DARE) method proposed by Yu et al., addresses this by pruning the majority of delta parameters--the differences between fine-tuned and pre-trained model weights--while typically maintaining minimal performance loss. However, DARE fails when either the pruning rate or the magnitude of the delta parameters is large. We highlight two key reasons for this failure: (1) an excessively large rescaling factor as pruning rates increase, and (2) high mean and variance in the delta parameters. To push DARE's limits, we introduce DAREx (DARE the eXtreme), which features two algorithmic improvements: (1) DAREx-q, a rescaling factor modification that significantly boosts performance at high pruning rates (e.g., >30 % on COLA and SST2 for encoder models, with even greater gains in decoder models), and (2) DAREx-L2, which combines DARE with AdamR, an in-training method that applies appropriate delta regularization before DPP. We also demonstrate that DAREx-q can be seamlessly combined with vanilla parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques like LoRA and can facilitate structural DPP. Additionally, we revisit the application of importance-based pruning techniques within DPP, demonstrating that they outperform random-based methods when delta parameters are large. Through this comprehensive study, we develop a pipeline for selecting the most appropriate DPP method under various practical scenarios.

模型压缩参数剪枝微调优化高效推理

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