无需标记点,自动融合航拍与地面点云,实现森林全貌重建。
Markerless Aerial-Terrestrial Co-Registration of Forest Point Clouds using a Deformable Pose Graph
- 基于可变形位姿图的无标记配准,自动估算航拍与地面点云间相对变换。
- 在无外部基础设施条件下,完成大尺度自然环境的精细完整重建。
- 适用于林业与生物多样性监测,支持多平台数据融合分析。
为支持生物多样性与林业应用,用户需要从林地到树冠的高精度森林地图。地面激光扫描和航拍激光扫描虽已成熟且精准,但各自因视域与测绘方式差异,难以独立获取树高、树干直径和冠层密度等属性。本文提出一种全自动管道,可生成统一的航拍-地面联合森林重建。其创新在于无需物理放置反光标记的无标记配准流程,通过估计航拍点云与地面子点云间的相对变换约束,并在位姿图框架中融合这些约束,实现点云精细对齐,同时保留地面SLAM过程的空间一致性。实验表明,该方法可在无外部基础设施情况下,实现大规模自然环境的细粒度、完整性重建,支持林业应用中的多平台数据采集。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
For biodiversity and forestry applications, end-users desire maps of forests that are fully detailed, from the forest floor to the canopy. Terrestrial laser scanning and aerial laser scanning are accurate and increasingly mature methods for scanning the forest. However, individually they are not able to estimate attributes such as tree height, trunk diameter and canopy density due to the inherent differences in their field-of-view and mapping processes. In this work, we present a pipeline that can automatically generate a single joint terrestrial and aerial forest reconstruction. The novelty of the approach is a marker-free registration pipeline, which estimates a set of relative transformation constraints between the aerial cloud and terrestrial sub-clouds without requiring any co-registration reflective markers to be physically placed in the scene. Our method then uses these constraints in a pose graph formulation, which enables us to finely align the respective clouds while respecting spatial constraints introduced by the terrestrial SLAM scanning process. We demonstrate that our approach can produce a fine-grained and complete reconstruction of large-scale natural environments, enabling multi-platform data capture for forestry applications without requiring external infrastructure.
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